《佛学研究十八篇》集中收录了梁启超各类佛学文章，这些论文基本上是梁先生在受了新的研究方法后的学术成果，它又反映了从传统佛学向现代佛学研究转向的特。本书的特是，从史学的角度出发，对中国佛教的兴衰流变，以及相关的事项作了扼要的阐述。内容叙及：佛教的产生，原始佛教的基本教理，阿育王、迦腻色迦王的护法事迹，印度境内佛教宗派的分布情况，中印之间的交通，佛教东渐的路线，西域来华的译僧，西行求法的古德，佛教输中国的年代和地，汉明求法说、《四十二章经》、《牟子理惑论》、《大乘起信论》等传说和经典的辨伪，中国佛教的兴衰沿革，佛经翻译的演，佛教经录的地位，汉唐高僧的著述，玄奘的行历年谱，《四阿含》、《大毗婆沙》等经典的梗概，等等。其中，有不少见解与论述，至今仍不失精深之论，具有长久的参考价值。陈士强先生的《导读》对《佛学研究十八篇》作了详尽的分析研究。

本书是纪念托克维尔逝世二百五十周年专辑。托克维尔（1805～1859），法国历史学家、社会学家、思想家。主要代表作有《论美国的民主》、《旧制度与大革命》。本辑汇集了中国学界新秀关于托克维尔和美国民主的论文，以及国外学者的重要文章。

　　莎士比亚的写作在英国历史中所选择的时期表明了他的兴趣所在。从 1199年理查二世流放争吵不休的赫里福伯爵和毛博瑞伯爵到1485年瑞奇蒙德伯爵在堡斯沃斯战场败理查三世，并作为亨利七世建立都铎王朝，其间很长一段时间都是王朝的更迭。这些王朝更迭被莎士比亚写了他的所谓的两组四部曲申，个四部曲包括《理查二世》、《亨利四世》（上、下篇）和《亨利五世》。第二个四部曲包括《亨利六世》（上、中、下篇）和《理查三世》。这八个剧目展现了英格兰血腥的一个世纪：内战岁月。 　　莎士比亚跟马基雅维里一样，建议用对立统一的原理来解决政治的根本难题。他把自己比喻成狮子与綿羊的结合而非狮子与狐狸的结合。这反映出，他更关注的是君主的正义而非君主的辉煌，或者说，他关注的是使君主的正义成为他辉煌的根基。 　　莎士比亚非常认同马基雅维里的观，君主应该知道如何避免为表象所欺的重要性。灵魂的财富提供了必不可少的制约，制约那种容易被表象所欺的倾向。在地位高贵的人物身上，这一倾向非常明显，他们尤其容易被表象所迷惑。莎士比亚经营的就是这种灵魂的财富。

本书以讨论古希腊伟大的著作家苏格拉底的两位*善于通过写作从事文教的学生之一的色诺芬的著作及其人为主题。早在希腊化时期和古罗马时期，色诺芬就获得了无可争议的古希腊经典作家、思想权威的名位。本书集结的文章展示了像施特劳斯这样的大师是如何解读色诺芬，奉其为一位地地道道的苏格拉底式人物，为读者铺设了一条尽可能便捷的、理解色诺芬的路。

Paradise Lost is an epic poem in blank verse by the 17th-century English poet John Milton (1608–1674). The first version, published in 1667, consisted of ten books with over ten thousand lines of verse. A second edition followed in 1674, arranged into twelve books (in the manner of Virgil's Aeneid) with minor revisions throughout and a note on the versification. It is considered by critics to be Milton's "major work", and helped solidify his reputation as one of the greatest English poets of his time. The poem concerns the Biblical story of the Fall of Man: the temptation of Adam and Eve by the fallen angel Satan and their expulsion from the Garden of Eden. Milton's purpose, stated in Book I, is to "justify the ways of God to men" Short Summary:The poem is separated into twelve "books" or sections, the lengths of which vary greatly (the longest is Book IX, with 1,189 lines, and the shortest Book VII, with 640). The Arguments at the head of each book were added in subsequent imprints of the first edition. Originally published in ten books, a fully "Revised and Augmented" edition reorganized into twelve books was issued in 1674, and this is the edition generally used today. The poem follows the epic tradition of starting in medias res (Latin for in the midst of things), the background story being recounted later.Milton's story has two narrative arcs, one about Satan (Lucifer) and the other following Adam and Eve. It begins after Satan and the other rebel angels have been defeated and banished to Hell, or, as it is also called in the poem, Tartarus. In Pand?monium, Satan employs his rhetorical skill to organise his followers; he is aided by Mammon and Beelzebub. Belial and Moloch are also present. At the end of the debate, Satan volunteers to poison the newly created Earth and God's new and most favoured creation, Mankind. He braves the dangers of the Abyss alone in a manner reminiscent of Odysseus or Aeneas. After an arduous traversal of the Chaos outside Hell, he enters God's new material World, and later the Garden of Eden. At several points in the poem, an Angelic War over Heaven is recounted from different perspectives. Satan's rebellion follows the epic convention of large-scale warfare. The battles between the faithful angels and Satan's forces take place over three days. At the final battle, the Son of God single-handedly defeats the entire legion of angelic rebels and banishes them from Heaven. Following this purge, God creates the World, culminating in his creation of Adam and Eve. While God gave Adam and Eve total freedom and power to rule over all creation, He gave them one explicit command: not to eat from the Tree of the knowledge of good and evil on penalty of death.

Ralph Waldo Emerson, was born at Boston in 1803 into a distinguished family of New England Unitarian ministers. His was the eighth generation to enter the ministry in a dynasty that reached back to the earliest days of Puritan America. Despite the death of his father when Emerson was only eleven, he was able to be educated at Boston Latin School and then Harvard, from which he graduated in 1821. After several years of reluctant school teaching, he returned to the Harvard Divinity School, entering the Unitarian ministry during a period of robust ecclesiastic debate. By 1829 Emerson was married and well on his way to a promising career in the church through his appointment to an important congregation in Boston. However, his career in the ministry did not last long. Following the death of his first wife, Ellen, his private religious doubts led him to announce his resignation to his congregation, claiming he was unable to preach a doctrine he no longer believed and that "to be a good minister it was necessary to leave the ministry."With the modest legacy left him from his first wife, Emerson was able to devote himself to study and travel. In Europe he met many of the important Romantic writers whose ideas on art, philosophy, and literature were transforming the writing of the Nineteenth Century. He also continued to explore his own ideas in a series of voluminous journals which he had kept from his earliest youth and from which virtually all of his literary creation would be generated. Taking up residence in Concord, Massachusetts, Emerson devoted himself to study, writing and a series of public lectures in the growing lyceum movement. From these lyceum addresses Emerson developed and then in 1836 published his most important work, Nature. Its publication also coincided with his organizing role in the Transcendental Club, a group of leading New England educators, clergy, and intellectuals interested in idealistic religion, philosophy, and literature.

　　此书与西方同类著作的*区别是，从基督教神学原著中挖掘其美学理论层面上的东西，而不是从所谓十字架荣耀意义上行象征性的描述。书中分阶段介绍了时代氛围，代表人物及其观，并做了简要深的评论。

本书是一部讲述西方哲学发展历程的著作，其雏形为梯利教授在大学任教时的讲义。全书分中英文两册，具体分为希腊哲学、中世纪哲学、近代哲学三编。往下又划分为自然哲学、知识和行为问题、重建时期、伦理运动、宗教运动、基督教和中世纪哲学的古典来源、经院哲学的形成期、文艺复兴时期的哲学、英国经验主义的开端、欧洲大陆的唯理论、启蒙运动哲学、康德的批判哲学、德国的唯心主义、黑格尔之后的德国哲学、法国和英国的哲学、法对理性主义和唯心主义等二十篇。篇下设章，讲述更为具体。文后附原书索引，便于读者检索细目。中文字数接近七十万，是一部规模宏大的哲学史著作。此次中英文对照出版，规模浩大，出版方特意延请业内的哲学博士、博士后共同翻译打造校准，力求让此选题更加精准、完善，让更多学人、哲学爱好者，一起了解并传播西方哲学。

《论物体》是17世纪英国哲学家霍布斯（1588-1679）的一部专论其物体哲学或自然哲学的著作。该著*初以拉丁文写成，于1655年出版。1668年，该著作为《霍布斯哲学著作全集（拉丁文版）》*部分的内容予以再版。1839年，威廉•莫尔斯沃思将其翻译成英文，作为他所编辑出版的11卷本的《托马斯•霍布斯英文著作集》的第1卷出版。霍布斯不仅对译著行了修订，而且还对原著行了增补，甚至重写了其中两章。因此，莫尔斯沃思强调说，英文版《论物体》表达的“完全”是“作者自己的观念和意思”。本书就是根据这个英译本翻译出来的。 霍布斯是唯物主义第二种形态即机械唯物主义的典型代表。物体观是霍布斯机械唯物主义哲学的基石。因为按照他的机械唯物主义世界观，哲学的*对象是物体，而物体有两类：一类为自然物体，一类为国家。据此，霍布斯将其哲学区分为两个部分：“自然哲学”与“公民哲学”（公民哲学又细分为“伦理学”和“政治学”）。在《论物体》这部著作中，霍布斯在对其哲学的一般原理做出阐述的基础上着重阐述了他的“自然哲学”，其*重要性不言而喻。 《论物体》主体部分共分4篇30章。*篇“计算或逻辑学”共6章；第二篇“哲学的*根据”共含8章；第三篇“论运动与量的比例”共10章；第四篇“物理学，或自然现象”共含6章。

"洛克在这部著作中所提出并要解决的中心问题是关于人类知识的起源，可靠性和范围。本书一开头他首先批判了笛卡尔主张知识起源上的所谓“天赋观念”以及莱布尼兹的所谓“天赋实践原则”这样一个在认识论上的唯心主义观点，并且从而提出了他的那个有名的白板论，即认识的来源是经验这样一个有巨大意义的唯物主义论点。不过，洛克在经验论上的唯物主义是不彻底的，正如他的政治观点、阶级立场是妥协的一样。所以他的哲学观点不仅影响了后来的唯物主义者(特别是法国百科全书派的启蒙思想家)，同时也被唯心主义者(特别是贝克莱和休谟)有隙可乘地加以利用和歪曲。

本书在对视觉美学设计行了理论讲解和案例分析，尤其是工业设计的基本构图方法，在行归类的基础上，引用了许多著名的典型案例行补充解释对应的知识。大量的图片使枯燥的文字活跃起来，可以帮助读者对学习现代设计获得更深的感性认知。本书实例丰富，突出了比例运用方法的使用要领和技巧。全书实用性强，可借鉴意义很大，是工业设计师必不可少的参考书和工具书。

More’s “Utopia” was written in Latin, and is in two parts, of which the second, describing the place ([Greek text]—or Nusquama, as he called it sometimes in his letters—“Nowhere”), was probably written towards the close of 1515; the first part, introductory, early in 1516. The book was first printed at Louvain, late in 1516, under the editorship of Erasmus, Peter Giles, and other of More’s friends in Flanders. It was then revised by More, and printed by Frobenius at Basle in November, 1518. It was reprinted at Paris and Vienna, but was not printed in England during More’s lifetime. Its first publication in this country was in the English translation, made in Edward’s VI.’s reign (1551) by Ralph Robinson. It was translated with more literary skill by Gilbert Burnet, in 1684, soon after he had conducted the defence of his friend Lord William Russell, attended his execution, vindicated his memory, and been spitefully deprived by James II. of his lectureship at St. Clement’s. Burnet was drawn to the translation of “Utopia” by the same sense of unreason in high places that caused More to write the book. Burnet’s is the translation given in this volume. The name of the book has given an adjective to our language—we call an impracticable scheme Utopian. Yet, under the veil of a playful fiction, the talk is intensely earnest, and abounds in practical suggestion. It is the work of a scholarly and witty Englishman, who attacks in his own way the chief political and social evils of his time. Beginning with fact, More tells how he was sent into Flanders with Cuthbert Tunstal, “whom the king’s majesty of late, to the great rejoicing of all men, did prefer to the office of Master of the Rolls;” how the commissioners of Charles met them at Bruges, and presently returned to Brussels for instructions; and how More then went to Antwerp, where he found a pleasure in the society of Peter Giles which soothed his desire to see again his wife and children, from whom he had been four months away. Then fact slides into fiction with the finding of Raphael Hythloday (whose name, made of two Greek words [Greek text] and [Greek text], means “knowing in trifles”), a man who had been with Amerigo Vespucci in the three last of the voyages to the new world lately discovered, of which the account had been first printed in 1507, only nine years before Utopia was written. Designedly fantastic in suggestion of details, “Utopia” is the work of a scholar who had read Plato’s “Republic,” and had his fancy quickened after reading Plutarch’s account of Spartan life under Lycurgus. Beneath the veil of an ideal communism, into which there has been worked some witty extravagance, there lies a noble English argument. Sometimes More puts the case as of France when he means England. Sometimes there is ironical praise of the good faith of Christian kings, saving the book from censure as a political attack on the policy of Henry VIII. Erasmus wrote to a friend in 1517 that he should send for More’s “Utopia,” if he had not read it, and “wished to see the true source of all political evils.” And to More Erasmus wrote of his book, “A burgomaster of Antwerp is so pleased with it that he knows it all by heart.” Sir Thomas More, son of Sir John More, a justice of the King’s Bench, was born in 1478, in Milk Street, in the city of London. After his earlier education at St. Anthony’s School, in Threadneedle Street, he was placed, as a boy, in the household of Cardinal John Morton, Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Chancellor. It was not unusual for persons of wealth or influence and sons of good families to be so established together in a relation of patron and client. The youth wore his patron’s livery, and added to his state. The patron used, afterwards, his wealth or influence in helping his young client forward in the world.

《法义》是柏拉图*长的著作，以探讨“政制与礼法”为主旨。在西方法哲学史上，柏拉图首次考察了立法的目的及其哲学基础、立法与德性等根本问题。本文集选编了潘戈、拉克斯等著名学者的十一篇论文，集中探讨柏拉图《法义》关于立法与德性的问题，主要关注柏拉图这几个方面的论述： 首先，立法不应着眼于战争的胜利和财富，亦即基于*的和片面的德性（勇敢）。克里特和斯巴达之所以如此看待立法的目的，是因为他们将诸城邦间的战争、人人皆敌视为自然状态，从地理性和物质性的“自然”来解释立法的目的，而非依据诸德性的自然秩序和人的自然本性。 其次，真正的立法旨在获得完整的德性：理智、明智、节制、正义和勇敢。立法以完整的德性特别是以理智为目标。因此，柏拉图暗中将哲学设定为立法的基础，也就改变了立法的目的：立法由培养勇敢和追求财富转向追求整体德性和人的完满，立法更应关注灵魂的优异而非身体的需要。 *后，在每一种法律中，都会存在某种德性观，立法的意图应尽量从*的德性转向完整的德性。在此意义上，哲学对立法和政治始终有鉴照作用。指向德政的立法可彰显现实城邦的不足，引领其走向完善。  

我们行哲学思考的原因与旅行的原因是一致的：为了看得更清楚，为了看到更多不同。作者埃里克·韦纳穿越了数千公里，沿着历史上伟大思想家的足迹，在世界上多个城市之间穿行，将自己对哲学的热爱与旅游结合在一起，带读者领略了数千年来塑造人类精神生活的宝贵思想遗产，展了一场探寻生命意义与智慧追求的朝圣之旅。

本书是一本哲学科普书。全书以“辞典”式的结构，依首字母顺序将人生中可能遇到的问题，如成功、烦躁、年龄增长、抱负、友谊、意义等或具体或抽象的概念作为索引，逐个进行哲学解释。 如果我们有说明书，生活是不是就会好过些？ 自古以来，人们都在问应该如何生活？哲学家们也都一直在解决这个问题。他们的智慧可以帮助人们找到自己想要的幸福。本书作者——哲学科普家朱利安·巴吉尼与存在主义心理治疗师、哲学顾问安东尼娅·麦卡洛，从包括丧亲之痛、运气、自由意志和人际关系在内的众多主题中，引导读者了解有史以来伟大哲学家的思想。从斯多葛学派到萨特，将呈现上百位哲学家的思想精华。 本书将会回答你即将遇到的几乎所有的问题。

在当代英美哲学中，马克思主义伦理思想具有不容忽视的地位和影响。哈维、卡利尼科斯、施韦卡特、马尔库塞、伊格尔顿、弗洛姆、柯亨、威廉斯、罗默、吉登斯、福斯特、詹姆逊等当代英美马克思主义哲学家提出了比较系统深刻的马克思主义伦理思想，从而使马克思主义哲学的伦理思想维度在当代英美资本主义国家得到了极大拓展。他们从马克思、恩格斯等马克思主义经典作家的哲学著述中吸取伦理思想智慧，对英美等西方资本主义国家存在的社会问题、经济问题、环境问题等行伦理审视和分析，深刻地揭示了垄断资本主义的不合道德性和西方人在垄断资本主义下的道德生活状况，并就如何消解垄断资本主义的不合道德性以及如何改善当代西方人的道德生活状况建言立论，从而使他们的马克思主义伦理思想在当代英美哲学园地里占据了重要地位，对西方资本主义国家的社会生活特别是道德生活产生了深刻影响。

本书是作者在佛学研究方面的成果。书中讨论了印度佛教传与当时玄学、儒家、道家的关系和争论，介绍了隋唐时期天台宗、华严宗、禅宗发展的历史及其主要思想，分析了中国历史上儒释道三教没有因宗教思想文化的不同而发生战争的内外原因，考证了与佛教相关的部分文献等，并收了作者对《心经》的通俗讲义。书中注重从佛道比较的视角来研究佛教，展现出佛教在整个中国文化中的作用与影响。

本书是著名哲学家、易学大家余敦康先生关于易学的历史文化与易学的现代价值的门性读物。 《周易》的思想精髓与价值理想，《周易》在中国文化中的特殊功能，《周易》与中国传统文化的关系，《周易》与中国政治文化、伦理思想的关系，这些易学中的根本性问题唯有在本书作者这样的大家处理起来才举重若轻。 书中关于易学对于今天每一个现代人的生活智慧、易学的管理思想的精到讨论，也使易学本身的日用性得以道破；书中对易学史的脉络以及现代中国哲学家对易道的探索的梳理，则凸显了历史的厚重与延续。

　　本书用现代科学观，面向广大读者，通俗讲解墨学研究史和墨学精华，包含墨家的逻辑学、哲学、科学和人文学，文字流畅，可读性强，是作者近年在海峡两岸高校和机关演讲墨学的录音整理稿。

庄子在思维上很通透，在情感上很洒脱，在生活中很有趣，他解构了世间所有的尺子，生成了一种独立自由的人格。庄子思想具有极强的自省与批判精神，以语言、卮言、重言的独特写法，生成了一种不容易被概念化与意识形态化的活泼文本。《庄子》这本书为我们打开了很多扇门，道术，生死，天人，美丑，善恶，真假，梦醒，……每一扇门都是通向自由的方便法门。本书立足学术，面对现实，针对工业化与信息化时代的焦虑、困顿、颓丧等实际生活处境与心灵生态，系统讲解了《庄子》内七篇，引领我们通过自省与批判，解除外在的尺子；通过修身与功夫，解除内在的尺子，身心合一，万物一体，合乎大道而能游刃有余。

　　本书是在当代新的境遇下对马克思所著的思想复杂、影响深远而又毁誉不一的“巴黎手稿”的深度解读和分析。“巴黎手稿”指的是马克思旅居“巴黎时期”（从1843年10月到1845年1月）创作的、与单纯摘录和抄写同时代人以及前人著作的“巴黎笔记”相区别的、大量正面阐述和论证其思想的著述，它包括通常被称为《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的“三个笔记本”和《詹姆斯·穆勒〈政治经济学原理〉一书摘要》。过去由于过于功利的“现实”考量，再加上原始文献资料的欠缺，影响了对这一手稿复杂思想理解的全面性与客观性。为此，本书根据历史考证版（MEGA）及大量权威资料，将“巴黎手稿”作为一个文本个案行了深度研究，从文献疏证、内容解读、思想阐释、逻辑论证多个方面一一给予悉心的探讨，再现了这一著述的原始面貌、深邃意蕴和思想史价值。