在维多利亚时代，工业革命席卷了英格兰。诸如威廉·莫里斯（William Morris）的拉斐尔前派艺术家们以及工艺美术运动激发了回到传统价值观的灵感。带着重新树立意大利文艺复兴的纯正和高贵形式的愿望，包括约翰·艾佛雷特·米莱（John Everett Millais）、但丁·加百列·罗塞蒂 （Dante Gabriel Rossetti）、爱德华·伯恩·琼斯（Edward Burne-Jones）的艺术家们更加偏爱现实主义和圣经主题。这本著作以翔实的内容和丰富的阐释，热情洋溢地描述了这场激发了象征主义和新艺术主义的运动。

维也纳分离派预示着一场变革。这一学派拥有约二十位才华横溢的艺术家，他们持不同意见，反对保守的学院派画风，认为学院派的风格僵化了维也纳和当时的奥匈帝国。受到新艺术运动的影响，克林姆（Klimt）、莫尔（Moll）和霍夫曼（Hoffmann）在1897年创造了分离派，这并非是一场匿名的艺术革命。因为本质上的不同，分离派将自身定义为“完全艺术”。没有受到任何政治或商业的限制，分离派运动更加类似于哲学运动，是一种以意识形态的风暴来影响工匠、建筑师、图形艺术家和设计师。艺术家们从功成名就的艺术中抬起头来，将目光投放在大量装饰性的植物、仙女之中。他们拥抱唯美主义；当然，这些情色的力量只会冒犯当时的官僚阶级。在这本书中，作者谈到了绘画、雕塑、建筑，强调了分离派运动的多样性和丰富性，正如他们那明确有力的口号：“为时代的艺术，为艺术应得的自由”，阐释了创新性和创造力。

毫无疑问，葛饰北斋是十九世纪中期以来负盛名的日本艺术家，他的作品在西方世界广为人知。葛饰北斋的作品是对于一种被孤立的文明的艺术表达和反应，极大影响了诸如梵高之类的欧洲印象派和后印象派画家；这也使得葛饰北斋成为了跻身欧洲艺术界个日本艺术家。葛饰北斋是位日本浮世绘的大师，他的作品丰富多样、意蕴重大，创作年限长达九十年，其气势恢宏和类型缤纷的特点在本书中展现得淋漓尽致。

Her serene face encircled in a wreath of flaming hair, the broken, pinned, stitched, cleft, and withered husk that once contained Frida Kahlo surrendered to the crematory’s flames. The blaze heating the iron slab that had become her final bed replaced dead flesh with the purity of powdered ash and put a period – full stop – to the Judas body that had contained her spirit. Her incandescent image in death was no less real than her portraits in life. As the ashes smoldered and cooled, a darkness descended over her name, her paintings and her brief flirtation with fame. She became a footnote, a “promising talent” forever languishing in the shadow of her husband, the famed Mexican muralist Diego Rivera, or as a New York Times art critic stated with a yawn over one of her works: “…painted by one of Rivera’s ex-wives.”

古斯塔夫·克林姆(Gustav Klimt)初因其采用的装饰花纹闻名（与他的兄弟及其在艺术学校的伙伴弗朗茨·马什共同创作）。因为大多剧院和重要的维也纳艺术史博物馆（在他的时代是重要的）均采用的是玛卡特（Makart）式的冷色调摄影风格。在他三十岁的时候他有了自己的工作室，并且开始了架上绘画。在三十五岁的时候，他成为了维也纳分离派的奠基人之一。在八年之后，在对自然主义日益强势的趋势倍感失望的情况下，他离开了这一领域。

Her abstractions tell us that the play of horizontal and vertical shapes, concentric circles, curved and diagonal lines, images that exist in the mind, are alive as well and deserve to be shared. Georgia sensed this even as an art student in the early part of this century as she sat copying other people's pictures or plaster torsos.

Picasso, however, was born a Spaniard and, so they say, began to draw before he could speak. As an infant he was instinctively attracted to the artist’s tools. In early childhood he could spend hours in happy concentration drawing spirals with a sense and meaning known only to himself; or, shunning children’s games, trace his first pictures in the sand. This early self-expression held out promise of a rare gift.

To this day the name of the seventeenth-century Flemish painter Anthony van Dyck (1599–1641) remains a symbol of artistic refinement. Yet his real contribution to art lies in his novel approach to the representation of the subject, his perception of each human being as a unique individuality which reveals itself only on direct contact, not through mere contemplation. In his day Van Dyck had his greatest success as a portraitist. He created painted portraits throughout his life, and in his later periods graphic portraits as well. It was as a portraitist that the artist gained worldwide recognition and went down in the history of seventeenth-century European art.

During the last half of the 19th century, three American artists were to work in Europe, mainly in England and France. Each of them was to play an important role. Mary Cassatt participated in the Impressionist movement in France, John Singer Sargent was to be considered one of the greatest painters of his day, and James McNeill Whistler, to whom this biography is dedicated, was to create a completely original style.

英国艺术家威廉·布雷克（William Blake，1757-1827）是浪漫主义运动的主要人物，也曾是一位画家、设计师、雕刻家和诗人。他一生致力于诠释他的文学作品，他的文字也随着他雕刻的线条和奇妙的绘画，成为了名副其实的手工绘本。受到圣经和先知预言的感染（《地狱的箴言》，《永远的福音书》和《天堂之门》），布雷克的艺术将他所处的时代及浪漫主义运动的现代感与他所探索的古典主义相结合。

This book does not claim to be a complete history of landscape painting. The length of such a history would considerably exceed the proportions of this volume, but I have nevertheless endeavoured to give some idea of the order in which the different masters appeared, and of the relative importance of each. Having only to speak here of those who excelled, I have tried to show, in some sort of sequence, whence these artists came, the special merit of each, and his influence on the development of art.

卡济米尔·谢韦里诺维奇·马列维奇（Kazimir Malevich, 1878-1935）是一位画家和伟大的艺术理论家。但为重要的是，他是至上主义（出现在俄国的纯几何形抽象绘画艺术运动）的奠基人。“至上主义”，马列维奇写道，“让我发现了很多过去不能理解的东西。这都潜伏在人类的潜意识中，是对于空间的迫切愿望，是逃离地球的夙愿。”这本新出版的著作收录了马列维奇*才气的作品。这位创新的艺术家，直到二十七岁时都没有接受过专业的绘画教育，但却出于好奇和好学的愿望来进行绘画创作。Gerry Souter又一次带领我们欣赏才华横溢的艺术家的作品，领略这位艺术家人格的新视点。

直到二十世纪中期，长期以来备受争议的意大利画家卡拉瓦乔（Caravaggio,1571-1610）才重新被发现。作为现实主义的倡导者，这位反宗教改革的艺术家挑战陈习旧规，回归圣人形象的人性感。这位神秘的画家赋予了圣人纵欲之情，远远超出了通常的圣人崇拜，为模糊的色情打开了一扇门，这也导致了教廷的愤怒。这位影子画家矛盾而强烈地阐释了他堕落的生活方式和放荡的道德准绳。他所创造的明暗处理技巧，在艺术史上留下了血腥的印象。

At the beginning of the fifteenth century, the Dominican convent of Fiesole had a lively intellectual atmosphere. The convent was founded in 1406 by the Blessed Giovanni di Dominici Bacchini, (who later became the Archbishop of Ragusa and, in 1419, a cardinal,) in order to reestablish the former discipline and strictness of the Dominican order in the spirit of Saint Dominic. Members of the observant monasteries were expected to consecrate themselves to the saving of souls not only through study, science, and preaching, but also through applied artistic labour. Exiled from Venice, Giovanni arrived in Città di Castello near Arezzo in 1399. From there he was summoned to preach in the cathedral of Florence for Lent. San Lapo Mazzei wrote to a friend after hearing one of Giovanni’s sermons, and summarized his impressions in the following terms, “I was at Santa Liparata (the cathedral) where a Dominican friar was supposed to preach, and where he did indeed preach. I assure you that I have ne

The study of Greek sculpture was unknown two hundred and fifty years ago. Winckelmann1 was the first to study it, and to publish a book on the subject in 1755. The excavations in Pompeii and Herculaneum, the removal of the Parthenon sculptures to London by Lord Elgin, and above all, the regeneration of Greece and the subsequent rich finds in her soil, added zest to the continually growing interest in this new study.

汉斯·梅姆林（约1433年-1494年）长期以来被认为是个小众画家，他并非宫廷画家，而是个资产阶级画家。他在十七世纪被人遗忘，而如今，梅姆林却被认为是15世纪伟大的北欧画家之一，这主要得益于他的肖像画中现实主义和理想主义的完美平衡。他的作品常常是双连画、三联画或祭坛作品，展示出了可以与凡·艾克媲美的精湛技巧。他对于细节的把控、精确的绘制、技巧的精通和对创作的灵感都在他恢宏的作品中展现得淋漓尽致，诸如《后的审判》、《圣凯瑟琳神秘的婚姻》、《圣母玛利亚的七喜》。以梅姆林毕生作品中*代表性的作品为例，他的作品通过人物细腻的面部和冷静的姿态，来表现这一重要艺术家的复杂而精湛的技艺。

毫无疑问，葛饰北斋是十九世纪中期以来负盛名的日本艺术家，他的作品在西方世界广为人知。葛饰北斋的作品是对于一种被孤立的文明的艺术表达和反应，极大影响了诸如梵高之类的欧洲印象派和后印象派画家；这也使得葛饰北斋成为了跻身欧洲艺术界个日本艺术家。葛饰北斋是位日本浮世绘的大师，他的作品丰富多样、意蕴重大，创作年限长达九十年，其气势恢宏和类型缤纷的特点在本书中展现得淋漓尽致。

米开朗基罗（Michelangelo）的名字不断浮现在西斯廷教堂、阿波罗、丘比特等数不计数的杰作中。在《意大利绘画》（The Italian Painting）这本书中，作者司汤达写道：“在古希腊风物和米开朗基罗之间，没有任何距离，除了或多或少技术娴熟的伪造物。”在《漫步罗马》（Promenade in Rome）一书中，沙特布莱表达了对《圣母怜子像》（Pieta）中那些精致的线条的崇敬之情。诸如司汤达等大连古欧秀的作家将米开朗基罗视为西方艺术复兴的大家之一。毫无疑问，米开朗基罗的作品经历住了时间的考验。在若干年后，米开朗基罗的作品何以能够揭示希腊先驱们的创造性来源？米开朗基罗是创造性的天才和超人，是意大利文艺复兴中无与伦比的艺术家，他的影响力和成就与达芬奇可相媲美。在这本著作中， Jean-Matthieu Gosselin探讨了米开朗基罗所有的身份：雕塑家、建筑师、画家和美术家。

How then does Monet appear to usTake a photograph from the 1870s. He is no longer a young man but a mature individual with a dense black beard and moustache, only the top of his forehead hidden by closely-cut hair.

Each of the four sections of this book refers to a span of at least ten years. Each subsection, usually covering one year, opens by noting historical events relative at least indirectly to Pollock, or offers some significant backdrop to his life. Events named within that year are not necessarily presented here in strict chronological order. This book should not be relied on for trying to create a strict chronology of details.

RA:The Book - The Recording Architecture Book of Studio Design was first published as a single, hardcover volume in 2011 and which has sold in over fifty countries to critical acclaim. A necessarily large format dictated by the detailed drawings it contained, RA:The Book was unavoidably heavy and costly to produce and ship. This iBook version is the first of three stand alone volumes which will hopefully make this essential guide to recording studio design more accessible. It includes a new introduction with previously unavailable photographs. The following de*ion is for the original hardcover: Established by Roger D'Arcy and Hugh Flynn on April 1st 1987 Recording Architecture has risen to become one of the premier recording studio design companies in the world. First Commissioned by ex Def Leppard guitarist Pete Willis for Blue Room studios In Sheffield swiftly followed by projects such as Hulgrave Hall, for composer Keith Hopwood the company has grown to design key installations around the world. Now for the first time they will be publishing a history of these ground breaking designs covering all aspects of architectural, acoustic and interior design of these studios and spaces specifically related to sound on a project by project basis. In a Career spanning Three decades Recording Architecture has virtually unrivalled experience in the design of studios which range in size and purpose from classical orchestral, residential, mixing, mastering, post production, film dubbing, video editing and rehearsal studios over 40 countries worldwide. Stating his desire to expand awareness with the new book Roger D Arcy states Over the years, and perhaps surprisingly, the only available books on recording studio design seem to have been written by individuals with little or no qualified background in Architecture or design in the field - we are trying show the detailed architectural/acoustic input behind a successful design with each studio study showing drawings in large format . This is not a theoretical guide but a detailed presentation of tried and tested techniques as applied to real, built projects in many of the case studies, the actual drawings issued for construction are reproduced. The examples illustrate not only what we think should be done but what was in fact physically (and successfully) implemented in a wide variety of situations from small, private project studios to large, commercial land mark studios such as Lansdowne and CTS. Examples range in scope from individual spaces and rooms to multi studio facilities and cover the two principal strands of recording and mixing: MUSIC studios recording (tracking), mixing and mastering (including cutting) project to orchestral in scale examples have been taken from the private, commercial and educational sectors. POST PRODUCTION studios voice over (dubbing), FX recording ( Foley ), film mix studios (dubbing theatres) from small voice over studios for TV to large Dolby Premier Certified film mix theatres. Contents include hundreds of photographs together with detailed plans and construction drawings - including comprehensive specifications of materials and techniques - showing exactly how these environments were created.