As a lot of people we studied music at schools. Did someone catch enough to play? We can’t say yes on this question.? Afterwards we learn to play using different books and manuals. These papers promised many good things but that was sort of suffering to learn to play. By trial and error we have figured out quite enough information which can eliminate this suffering. So we decided to write a book if we could read one we would not get through difficulties for many years long.In this book we tried to explain the origin and fundamental properties of music. We named this as anatomy of music because we tried to dive in the depth of it. We just used notes to explain how to play without notes and tablatures. Nevertheless we delivered music theory quite completely trying to eliminate confusive moments.

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Campaigns of World War II: Fall of the Reich is a military history of the Western European campaign from D-Day in June 1944 to the fall of Berlin in May 1945. Beginning with the Allied preparations for what would become Operation Overlord, from the initial discussions of Roosevelt and Churchill, to the deliberations and plans of Marshall and Brooke, and the subsequent appointment of commanders like Eisenhower, Montgomery and Ramsay, the book covers in detail the landings on the Normandy coast. Combining tactical coverage of events such as the severe fighting at Omaha and Pegasus Bridge, the Canadian success on Juno beach, and the 21st Panzer Division's aborted counterattack, with reporting of the reactions of Hitler and Rommel to the landings, the book provides an explanation of why the Allied advance ran out of steam, and a description of their struggle to escape the bocage hedgerows of Normandy. The US-led breakout in late July 1944 released Bradley and Patton's forces into the heart of France, and the liberation of Paris followed swiftly. A crumbling German defence led to Allied overconfidence and the resultant 'bridge too far' at Arnhem, but as the Allies approached the Rhine and the German border, resistance quickly stiffened. Hitler's last gamble, the attack through the Ardennes known as the Battle of the Bulge, brought temporary panic to the Allied ranks, but heroic stands at Bastogne and elsewhere, coupled with a German acute lack of petrol and the weather clearing to allow Allied aircraft to operate again, led to the defeat of the last Wehrmacht attack in the west. The final year of the war saw the Allies advancing as occupying forces into the heart of Germany, adopting Eisenhower's broad front strategy. Finally the book examines why the decision was made to allow the Red Army to occupy Berlin and remain on the western bank of the Elbe river. Part of a five-volume series on the Second World War written by prominent military historians, Fall of the Reich is a masterful account of the 1944–45 campaign in Western Europe that describes both the action on the front line and the decisions made behind the scenes that decided the fate of Nazi Germany.

Hidup manusia ditandai oleh usaha-usaha pemenuhan kebutuhan, baik fisik, mental-emosional, material, maupun spiritual. Bila kebutuhan dapat di penuhi dengan baik berarti tercapai keseimbangan dan kepuasan. Tetapi pada kenyataannya sering kali usaha pemenuhan kebutuhan-kebutuhan tersebut mendapat banyak rintangan dan hambatan. Tekanan-tekanan dan kesulitan-kesulitan dalam hidup sering membawa manusia dalam keadaan stres. Penyelesaian masalah yang tidak tepat, semakin memperburuk keadaan. Oleh karenanya sebagai seorang individu yang beragama langkah spiritual merupakan salah satu cara positif yang dapat digunakan dalam mengatasinya. Stres merupakan reaksi fisiologis dan psikologis manusia terhadap situasi yang menekan (Lahey, 2003). Stress menurut Selye (dalam Hardjana, 1994) adalah tanggapan yang menyeluruh dari tubuh terhadap setiap tuntutan yang datang atasnya. Tanggapan ini tidak hanya terbatas pada satu bagian tubuh, tetapi menyangkut seluruh bagian tubuh, dari ujung kaki hingga ujung kepala. Bila terkena stres, segala segi dari diri terkena. Stres tidak hanya menyangkut segi lahir, tetapi batin. Secara umum, wanita cenderung lebih sering mengalami stres (Sarafino, 2006). Stres juga didefinisikan sebagai tanggapan atau proses internal atau eksternal yang mencapai tingkat ketegangan fisik dan psikologis sampai pada batas atau melebihi batas kemampuan subyek (Cooper, 1994). Sebagai seseorang yang percaya akan keberadaan Allah. Ternyata Islam telah memberikan solusi akan kondisi stres yang dialami seseorang yaitu dengan melakukan shalat tahajud. Tahajud berasal dari kata tahajjada yang berpadanan kata istaiqazha, yang berarti terjaga, sengaja bangun, atau sengaja tidak tidur. Shalat tahajud adalah shalat sunat pada malam hari setelah tidur. Bilangan rakaatnya paling sedikit dua rakaat dan banyaknya tak terbatas. Waktunya mulai dari setelah mengerjakan salat isya’ sampai terbit fajar (Nawawi, 2006). Hubungan antara shalat tahajjud dan kesehatan, salah satu penjelasannya adalah berkenaan dengan hormon kortisol. Hormon kortisol, disebut juga sebagai hormon stres, adalah hormon yang sangat penting yang dapat meningkatkan tekanan darah dan kadar gula darah (Guyton, 2007). Kortisol berperan kunci dalam adaptasi terhadap stres. Segala jenis stres merupakan rangsangan utama bagi peningkatan sekresi kortisol (Sherwood, 2011).

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To attain any assured knowledge about the soul is one of the most difficult things in the world. As the form of question which here presents itself, viz. the question 'What is it?'

Complete teachings of the Stoic philosopher Epictetus including: The Enchiridion, The Discourses, The Golden Sayings, The Hymn of Cleanthes. The book is a complete guide for the advanced student of Stoicism to show him the best roads toward the goal of becoming a true philosopher.

Introduction to Secrets: A Story of Addiction, Grief ＆amp; Healing ? Highly educated individuals with doctorates publish papers full of information, facts, and figures, explaining reasons for addiction. It is often good information extensively researched and properly cited. I do not have a Ph.D. or a doctorate. I am simply one who loves to teach, write, and more importantly, a mom who loves her family. I majored in motherhood. I minored in English. ? Sadly, I lost something most dear to my heart, my daughter’s voice. I only hear her voice as echoes in my mind, and as I read her journals. Her journals are full of her—her voice, worries, goals, sadness, hopes, desires, disappointments, happiness and love. Her writing identified her feelings, but they do not clearly define her as a person because her life was so much more. How to define, articulate her essence, her multi-dimensional personality? ??????????? In writing this story, I used words and prose that allow the reader to peer into the looking glass, perhaps to see beyond themselves to what lurks in the background of the human soul. How special each of us really is. We all deserve to be loved and to be recognized for the good we do, for the difference we make by just being. ? The writing of this story has been incredibly difficult. I was told that I was terribly hard on myself. Well, the truth is not always pretty. But accepting the truth as a means to better understand one’s environment and to move forward can be healing. It is not easy. Healing takes time. It can be painful. It is often long and arduous. Sometimes, the nearly healed wound is reinjured, the scab is torn loose, exposing the tender flesh beneath. It may ooze again for a time, but then the healing begins again. Grief can be like that. A year has passed; a year of grief, healing, learning, better understanding addiction. ? The road leading to addiction and the reasons one succumbs to substance use disorder is long and winding. Addiction is complex and those who struggle with it usually face other mental health challenges too. They struggle with loss, loneliness, pain, and emptiness. They long for fulfillment. They feel misunderstood, misjudged, stigmatized, unloved. These voids must be filled. The human spirit demands it. ? Society is quick to formulate judgments toward those struggling with addiction. However, is addiction a choice? Is mental illness a choice? Everyone’s story is different. I can only share mine. The effects of addiction ripple out, washing over everyone in some manner or form. Like many, I originally thought substance use was a choice, a deficit in one’s moral code, a weakness that one should be able to control. Why must tragedy occur to inspire illumination? ? As I began to write, my inner eye became focused, intent on rediscovering Sarah. The Sarah I knew as a child had long ago morphed into an adult I did not recognize or understand. I blamed myself. Where did I go wrong? In how many ways did we fail her as her parents? I wanted to understand. Will sharing my story allow others to more easily identify the symptoms of addiction and to recognize addiction as a disease? I hope so. That is why I am breaking the silence, using Sarah’s voice, as well as my own with a clear objective: To de-stigmatize addiction. ? Can we work towards removing the fear and the terrifying stigmatization attached to addiction and try something different? Let us direct positive energies toward these struggling souls. Rather than projecting fear and judgment, what would happen if society projected understanding, empathy, compassion, and acceptance? Acceptance that they have an illness, not just addiction, but often, buried beneath the surface, acute sadness, and unresolved conflict. ? As society begins to remove the stigma of addiction, boundaries to seeking recovery will lessen, improving the odds of recovery, decreasing the risk of death by overdose. Sarah’s death must not be an ending—let it be a beginning towards understanding, acceptance, and empathy.

Beliau adalah Abu Sa’id al-Hasan bin Abil Hasan al-Bashri, salah satu imam tabi’in terkemuka yang ucapan hikmahnya menyerupai perkataan seorang nabi, seorang yang kafah dan rupawan yang telah menghabiskan seluruh umurnya untuk ilmu dan amal. Nama ayah beliau adalah al-Yasar maula Zaid bin Tsabit radhiallahu ‘anhu sahabat pilihan dan penulis wahyu Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam. Sementara itu, ibu beliau adalah Khoiroh maula Ummul Mukminin Ummu Salamah radhiallahu ‘anhu istri Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam. Beliau lahir di masa Khalifah Umar bin Khaththab radhiallahu ‘anhu, tepatnya dua tahun terakhir beliau menjadi khalifah. Kelahiran Hasan Al-Bashri sangat menggembirakan Ummu Salamah radhiallahu ‘anha bahkan sang ibunda (Khoiroh) menyerahkan kepada Ummu Salamah radhiallahu ‘anha untuk memberikan nama pada anaknya. Ummu Salamah radhiallahu ‘anhu pun memberi nama dengan nama yang beliau senangi, al-Hasan. Ummu Salamah radhiallahu ‘anha begitu sangat mencintai al-Hasan sehingga takala sang ibu keluar untuk memenuhi hajat ummul mukminin, maka beliaulah yang mengasuh, mendiamkan tangisnya bila ia menangis, bahkan ia menyusuinya. Karena besarnya kasih sayang Ummu Salamah radhiallahu ‘anha kepada al-Hasan hingga air susunya keluar membasahi kerongkongannya sehingga Ummu Salamah radhiallahu ‘anha menjadi ibu susuan al-Hasan setelah sebelumnya ia adalah ibu bagi seluruh kaum muslimin. Maka tinggallah ia di bawah kepengasuhannya.? Ummu Salamah radhiallahu ‘anha salah satu istri Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam yang paling banyak ilmunya dan paling banyak meriwayatkan hadis dari Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam, kurang lebih sebanyak 387 hadis telah ia hafal dari Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam. Beliau adalah seorang wanita yang mampu baca tulis sejak masa jahiliah sehingga al-Hasan kelak akan menjadi seorang pemuda yang gagah, rupawan, dan pemberani yang akan mewarisi warisan nubuwwah berupa ilmu dan amal. Demikian pula kegembiraan itu tampak pada keluarga Zaid bin Tsabit radhiallahu ‘anhu karena al-Yasar adalah orang yang sangat ia cintai. Setelah al-Hasan mencapai usia baligh, ia dan keluarganya pindah ke Bashrah sehingga ia dikenal sebagai al-Hasan al-Bashri.

Sebelum melaksanakan sholat kita diperintahkan agar bersuci terlebih dahulu karena apabila tidak melaksanakannya, maka sholat kita tidak akan sah. Perintah ini yang sudah tercantum dalam firman Alloh yang artinya sebagai berikut Allah berfirman, “Hai orang-orang yang beriman, apabila kalian hendak mendirikan sholat, maka basuhlah mukakalian dan tangan kalian sampai dengan siku, sapulah kepala kalianm dan (basuhlah) kaki kalian sampai dengan kedua mata kaki, jika kalian junub, maka mandilah” (QS. Al-Maidah : 6). Secara etimologi, wudhu berarti “bersuci”, sedangkan secara terminologi, wudhu berarti “bersuci dengan menggunakan air untuk membasuh sebagian anggota badan : muka, kedua tangan, kepala dan kedua kaki.” Dengan kata lain, membasuh sebagian anggota badan melalui cara tertentu sesuai ketentuan syariat disebut wudhu. Dalam Islam tidak ada sesuatu pun yang sia-sia, setiap perintah dan larangan pasti akan memberikan manfaat bagi kehidupan umatnya. Salah satunya adalah perintah untuk menyempurnakan wudhu. Wudhu itu sendiri mempunyai manfaat yang banyak.

Considerations on Representative Government is a book by John Stuart Mill published in 1861. As the title suggests, it is an argument for representative government, the ideal form of government in Mill's opinion. One of the more notable ideas Mill puts forth in the book is that the business of government representatives is not to make legislation. Instead Mill suggests that representative bodies such as parliaments and senates are best suited to be places of public debate on the various opinions held by the population and to act as watchdogs of the professionals who create and administer laws and policy. In his words: ? Their part is to indicate wants, to be an organ for popular demands, and a place of adverse discussion for all opinions relating to public matters, both great and small; and, along with this, to check by criticism, and eventually by withdrawing their support, those high public officers who really conduct the public business, or who appoint those by whom it is conducted.

An early appeal by Richard Davis, American war correspondent, to denounce neutrality and take an active role in the conflict on the side of the Triple Entente. Makes his case from German ‘crimes of aggression’. ? ‘I have not seen the letter addressed by President Wilson to the American people calling upon them to preserve toward this war the mental attitude of neutrals. But I have seen the war. And I feel sure had President Wilson seen my war he would not have written his letter. This is not a war against Germans, as we know Germans in America … It is a war, as Winston Churchill has pointed out, against the military aristocracy of Germany …’

Bagi setiap muslim, cinta kepada Allah (mahabbatullah) adalah suatu hal yang mutlak. Demikian juga halnya kecintaan kepada Rasul-Nya, Muhammad SAW. Kecintaan kepada Allah dan Rasulullah SAW harus lebih tinggi daripada kecintaan terhadap yang lainnya, termasuk terhadap keluarga dan diri sendiri. Hal itu ditegaskan oleh Rasulullah dalam sabdanya, "Tiga perkara, apabila ketiga perkara itu ada pada diri seseorang, maka ia akan mendapatkan manisnya iman, apabila Allah dan Rasul-Nya lebih dicintai oleh dirinya dan tidak ada selain dari keduanya yang paling dicintai, dan tidaklah ia mencintai seseorang kecuali cinta karena Allah, dan ia membenci kembali kepada kekufuran sebagaimana ia benci untuk dilemparkan ke dalam api." (Shahih Al-Bukhari no 16, 21, 6401 dan 6941 dan Shahih Muslim no 67, dan 68, HR. Tirmidzi no 2624, dan HR, Nasa'i no 4991 dan 4992). Seperti dalam sebuah peribahasa, Tak kenal maka tak sayang, tak sayang maka tak cinta, agar kecintaan kepada Allah dan Rasul-Nya itu dapat terlaksana, maka setiap muslim haruslah mengenal Allah dan Rasul-Nya. Mencintai Allah dilakukan dengan cara meneladani apa yang telah dilakukan Rasulullah SAW ?

Jin (bahasa arab Janna) secara harfiah berarti sesuatu yang berkonotasi "tersembunyi" atau "tidak terlihat". Bangsa Jin dahulu dikatakan dapat menduduki beberapa tempat dilangit dan mendengarkan berita-berita dari Allah SWT, setelah diutusnya seorang nabi yang bernama Nabi Muhammad SAW maka mereka tidak lagi bisa mendengarkannya karena ada barisan yang menjaga rahasia itu. “...dan sesungguhnya kami dahulu dapat menduduki beberapa tempat di langit itu untuk mendengar-dengarkan (berita-beritanya). Tetapi sekarang barangsiapa yang (mencoba) mendengar-dengarkan (seperti itu) tentu akan menjumpai panah api yang mengintai (untuk membakarnya) (Al-Jin 9:72) Asal pembentukan kata "jin" dari huruf 'jim' (?) dan 'nun' (?) menunjukkan makna tertutup, Syaikh al-Islam berkata: "Ia dinamakan jin karena ketertutupannya dari pandangan manusia."Kata jin menurut bahasa (Arab) berasal dari kata ijtinan, yang berarti istitar (tersembunyi). Jadi jin menurut bahasa berarti sesuatu yang tersembunyi dan halus, sedangkan syetan ialah sifat dari setiap yang durhaka dari golongan jin dan manusia.Tentang asal kejadian jin, Allah menjelaskan, kalau manusia pertama diciptakan dari tanah, maka jin diciptakan dari api yang sangat panas, seperti yang dijelaskan dalam surat Al-Hijr, dan kami telah menciptakan jin sebelum (Adam) dari api yang sangat panas." (Al-Hijr 15:27) Tidak semua jin yang didakwahi mau mengikuti dan beriman. Di antara mereka ada yang shalih dan ada yang tidak. Mereka menempuh jalan yang berbeda-beda. Seperti juga manusia, ada yang mau mengikuti jalan kebenaran dengan baik, adapula yang membangkang dan mengikuti jalan kesesatan Di antara jin ada yang taat dan ada pula yang menyimpang dari kebenaran. Jin yang taat adalah yang benar-benar memilih jalan yang lurus. Kemudian ia akan mendapat surga dan segala yang telah Allah Subhanahu wa Ta’ala sediakan untuk kaum yang shalih. Buku ini megisahkan kehidupan kaum jin bersumberkan dari Al-Quran & Al-Hadist.

F. W. Walbank was Rathbone Professor of Ancient History and Classical Archaeology at the University of Liverpool and a Fellow of the British Academy.

MARCUS WAREING is one of the most respected and acclaimed chefs and restaurateurs in Britain today. Originally from Southport, Merseyside, Marcus began his career at the age of 16. An incredible talent, he started acquiring Michelin stars aged just 26 – one of only a handful of chefs to be recognised at such a young age. Over the last 30 years Marcus has been involved in the creation of many of London’s most iconic and celebrated restaurants, including his own restaurant group, Marcus Wareing Restaurants, which he founded in 2008. With two Michelin stars at his flagship restaurant, Marcus, in the Berkeley Hotel, he also owns and operates two other London restaurants, The Gilbert Scott and Tredwell’s.Alongside his Michelin stars, Marcus has also won numerous coveted awards. These include the Acorn Award, Chef of the Year with Caterer and Hotelkeeper, Tatler Restaurateur of the Year and GQ Chef of the Year. A familiar face on our TV screens, Marcus took on the new role as judge on MasterChef:The Professionals in 2014. Marcus lives in London with his wife and three children.

David Cobham was an internationally renowned filmmaker, well known for his films Tarka the Otter and The Goshawk. Dan Powell is a wildlife artist best known for the field guide to The Dragonflies of Great Britain. His drawings and paintings have appeared in numerous wildlife books and publications.

By F. M. L. Thompson

Nigel Slater is the author of a collection of best-selling books and presenter of BBC 1's Eating Together, Simple Cooking and Dish of the Day. He has been food columnist for The Observer for over twenty years. His books include the classics Appetite and The Kitchen Diaries and the critically acclaimed two-volume Tender. His award-winning memoir Toast – the Story of a Boy's Hunger won six major awards and is now a BBC film starring Helena Bonham Carter and Freddie Highmore. His writing has won the National Book Awards, the Glenfiddich Trophy, the André Simon Memorial Prize and the British Biography of the Year. He was the winner of a Guild of Food Writers' Award for his BBC 1 series Simple Suppers.

Maya Jasanoff is Coolidge Professor of history at Harvard University. Her first book, Edge of Empire, was awarded the 2005 Duff Cooper Prize and was a book of the year selection in numerous publications including the Economist, Guardian and Sunday Times. Her second, Liberty’s Exiles was shortlisted for the 2011 Samuel Johnson Prize (now Baillie Gifford). A 2013 Guggenheim Fellow, Jasanoff won the prestigious 2017 Windham-Campbell Prize for Non-Fiction. Her essays and reviews appear frequently in publications including The Guardian, The New York Times, and The New York Review of Books.

In the early days of Cubism, when writers and painters led bohemian lives in Montmartre, a familiar figure in the studios and cafes was a young journalist named Roland Dorgelès. With high brow, long straight nose, lean face and steady blue eyes, smartly turned out, often in a long black coat with astrakhan collar, he was well liked for his cheerful manner, vein of poetry and adventurousness.Dorgelès came of petit bourgeois parents. The father, a travelling textile salesman, was often absent and did not get along with his wife, who transferred her affection to her only son without however becoming possessive. She gave him a Catholic upbringing and encouraged him to read good authors, his favourites being Molière and Courteline. After an unsuccessful spell at the Ecole des Arts décoratifs he decided on a literary career. He became a journalist of the Paris scene, had two short plays put on and indulged in light-hearted practical jokes: calling the fire brigade to extinguish a nonexistent fire in the flat of a rival in love and, on another occasion, to protest against the thick glass on certain paintings in the Louvre, installing himself in front of one such painting, producing razor, cream and brush, soaping his face and calmly shaving as though in front of a mirror.