TO MY PUPIL.?Beloved pupil! Tamed by thee,?Addish-, Subtrac-, Multiplica-tion,?Division, Fractions, Rule of Three,?Attest thy deft manipulation!??Then onward! Let the voice of Fame?From Age to Age repeat thy story,?Till thou hast won thyself a name?Exceeding even Euclid's glory!??This Tale originally appeared as a serial in The Monthly Packet, beginning in April, 1880. The writer's intention was to embody in each Knot (like the medicine so dexterously, but ineffectually, con-cealed in the jam of our early childhood) one or more mathematical questions "in Arithmetic, Algebra, or Geometry, as the case might be" for the amusement, and possible edification, of the fair readers of that Magazine.?LEWIS CARROLL???"Goblin, lead them up and down."???The ruddy glow of sunset was already fading into the sombre shadows of night, when two travellers might have been observed swiftly—at a pace of six miles in the hour—descending the rugged side of a mountain; the younger bounding from crag to crag with the agility of a fawn, while his companion, whose aged limbs seemed ill at ease in the heavy chain armour habitually worn by tourists in that district, toiled on painfully at his side.??As is always the case under such circumstances, the younger knight was the first to break the silence.?"A goodly pace, I trow!" he exclaimed. "We sped not thus in the ascent!"??"Goodly, indeed!" the other echoed with a groan. "We clomb it but at three miles in the hour."?"And on the dead level our pace is——?" the younger suggested; for he was weak in statistics, and left all such details to his aged companion.?"Four miles in the hour," the other wearily replied. "Not an ounce more," he added, with that love of metaphor so common in old age, "and not a farthing less!"??"'Twas three hours past high noon when we left our hostelry," the young man said, musingly. "We shall scarce be back by supper-time. Perchance mine host will roundly deny us all food!"?"He will chide our tardy return," was the grave reply, "and such a rebuke will be meet."?"A brave conceit!" cried the other, with a merry laugh. "And should we bid him bring us yet another course, I trow his answer will be tart!"

Plato saith “tov peov akei gewmetreiv”, That "God doth alwayes worke by Geometry", that is, as the wiseman doth interprete it, Sap. XI. 21. Omnia in mensura & numero & pondere disponere. Dispose all things by measure, and number, and weight: Or, as the learned Plutarch speaketh; He adorneth and layeth out all the parts of the world according to ra-te, proportion, and similitude. ??Now who, I pray you, understandeth what these termes meane, but he which hath some meane skill in Geometry? Therefore none but such an one, may be able to declare and teach these things unto ot-hers.??How many things are there in holy Scripture which may not well be understood without some meane skill in Geometry? The Fabricke and bignesse of Noah's Arke: The Sciagraphy of the Temple set out by Ezechiel, Who may understand, but he that is skilfull in these Arts? I speake not of many and sundry words both in the New and Old Testaments, whose genuine and proper signification is merely Geometricall: And cannot well be conceived but of a Geometer.??To the Reader:??Friendly Reader, that which is here set forth to thy view, is a Translation out of Ramus. ??Formerly indeed Translated by one Mr. Thomas Hood, but never before set forth with the Demonst-rations and Diagrammes, which being cut before the Authors death, and the Worke it selfe finished, the Coppie I having in mine hands, never had thought for the promulgation of it, but that it should have died with its Author, considering no small prejudice usually attends the printing of dead mens Workes, and wee see the times, the world is now all eare and tongue, the most given with the Athenians, to little else than to heare and tell newes: ??And if Apelles that skilfull Artist alwayes found so-mewhat to be amended in those Pictures which he had most curiously drawne; surely much in this Worke might have beene amended if the Authour had lived to refine it..

O colec?ie de peste patruzeci dintre eseurile preferate ale lui Tyson, Moartea ?ntr-o gaur? neagr? abordeaz? nenum?rate subiecte, de la firavele eforturi ale industriei filmului de a crea cerul ?nstelat, p?n? la ce-ar ?nsemna s? te afli ?n interiorul unei g?uri negre.?Cel mai cunoscut astrofizician al Americii, Tyson este un profesor ?nn?scut, care ?tie s? explice pe ?n?elesul tuturor teoriile complicate ale astrofizicii ?i ?n acela?i timp s? ne transmit? fascina?ia pe care o are fa?? de univers.?Este absolut obligatoriu s? g?sim oameni de ?tiin?? care s? ne poat? explica nu doar ceea ce descoperim, ci ?i modul ?n care facem acele descoperiri. Neil deGrasse Tyson este unul dintre ei." - Boston Sunday Globe?

De ce unii oameni au o via?? fericit? ?i plin? de succes, ?n timp ce al?ii se confrunt? ?n mod repetat cu e?ecuri ?i triste?e? De ce unii ??i g?sesc perechea potrivit?, iar al?ii nu au parte dec?t de rela?ii care se sf?r?esc cu o ruptur?? Ce ?i face pe unii s? aib? cariere ?nfloritoare, ?n timp ce al?ii sunt prin?i ca ?ntr-o capcan? ?n joburi pe care le detest?? ?i, mai ales, pot ghinioni?tii s? fac? ceva pentru a-?i spori norocul ?i a-?i ?mbun?t??i via?a?Autorul a c?utat r?spunsul la aceste ?ntreb?ri prin intermediul unor cercet?ri care s au derulat pe o perioad? de mai mul?i ani ?i au cuprins interviuri ?i experimente cu sute de persoane extrem de norocoase sau ghinioniste. Rezultatele ob?inute, prezentate ?n aceast? carte, indic? un mod complet nou de a vedea norocul ?i rolul esen?ial pe care ?l joac? acesta ?n vie?ile noastre. Oamenii nu se nasc noroco?i. F?r? s? ??i dea seama, oamenii noroco?i folosesc patru principii de baz? pentru a aduce norocul ?n via?a lor. Dac? ?n?elege?i principiile, atunci ve?i ?n?elege ?i cum ac?ioneaz? norocul.

Semiologia este piatra fundamental? a diagnosticului. Informa?iile anamnestice orienteaz?, datele clinice fundamenteaz?, iar datele de laborator confirm? diagnosticul.Cursul de semiologie medical? ??i propune s? ?narmeze asistentul medical cu metode ?i tehnici de examinare a pacientului ?i, ?n acela?i timp, cu mijloace ?i c?i de a descoperi semnele ?i simptomele ?i a le interpreta ?n mod corespunz?tor cu scopul de a aprecia corect ?i rapid diagnosticul clinic pentru a interveni eficient ?n sprijinul redob?ndirii/amelior?rii s?n?t??ii pacientului. Este structurat ?n trei capitole: (1) Utilizarea terminologiei medicale ?n efectuarea anamnezei; (2) Modific?rile observate de asistenta medical? la inspec?ia general? ?i (3) Manifest?ri cauzate de diferite afec?iuni. La sf?r?it, exist? o sec?iune de teste pentru evaluarea cuno?tin?elor.Datorit? nevoii permanente de cunoa?tere ?i perfec?ionare a asistentului medical, ca ?i a tuturor profesioni?tilor din domeniul s?n?t??ii, aceast? carte este extrem de util? elevilor ?colilor sanitare postliceale.

Ar putea exista alte universuri? O c?l?torie de neuitat ?n lumea g?urilor negre ?i a ma?inilor timpului, a universurilor alternative ?i a spa?iului multidimensional, Lumi paralele ne ofer? un portret conving?tor al revolu?iei care a cuprins lumea cosmologiei.Ideea de universuri paralele ?i teoria corzilor, care le poate explica existen?a, au fost c?ndva privite cu suspiciune de oamenii de ?tiin??, fiind v?zute ca o provincie a misticilor, ?arlatanilor ?i excentricilor.Ast?zi, fizicienii teoreticieni sus?in ?ntr-o propor?ie cov?r?itoare teoria corzilor ?i ultima ei itera?ie, Teoria M. Aceasta, dac? se va dovedi corect?, va reconcilia cele patru for?e ale universului ?ntr o manier? simpl? ?i elegant?, r?spunz?nd totodat? la ?ntrebarea:?Ce s a ?nt?mplat ?nainte de Big Bang?“ ?Folosind cu abilitate analogia ?i umorul, Kaku prezint? varia?iunile la tema universurilor paralele, venind din mecanica cuantic?, cosmologie ?i Teoria M.“ -- Brian Green, autorul c?r?ii The Elegant Universe

O investiga?ie ?tiin?ific? pentru ?n?elegerea ?i ?mbun?t??irea capacit??ii min?iiViitorul min?ii umane aduce un subiect rezervat c?ndva exclusiv domeniului science-fiction ?ntr-o realitate nou? ?i surprinz?toare. Acest tur de for?? ?tiin?ific dezv?luie cercet?rile uimi?toare care se efectueaz? ?n laboratoa?rele de top din lumea ?ntreag? – toate baz?ndu-se pe ultimele descoperiri din neuro?tiin?? ?i fizic? – incluz?nd expe?rimente recente ?n telepatie, controlul min?ii, telechinezie ?i ?nregistrarea amintirilor ?i a visurilor.Lectura acestei c?r?i este o aventur? uimitoare nu doar pentru fanii SF, ci ?i pentru pasiona?ii de fizic?, medicin?, neuro?tiin??, care vor descoperi aici vastele posibilit??i ale creierului uman.?Kaku are darul de a explica idei incredibil de complexe ?ntr-un limbaj pe care-l poate ?n?elege ?i un cititor neavizat." - San Francisco Chronicle

It was in this interesting border region, and from among these valiant Eastern folk, that Nikola Tesla was born in the year 1857, and the fact that he, today, finds himself in America and one of our foremost electricians, is striking evidence of the extraordinary attractiveness alike of electrical pursuits and of the country where electricity enjoys its widest application. Mr. Tesla's native place was Smiljan, Lika, where his father was an eloquent clergyman of the Greek Church, in which, by the way, his family is still prominently represented. His mother enjoyed great fame throughout the countryside for her skill and originality in needlework, and doubtless transmitted her ingenuity to Nikola; though it naturally took another and more masculine direction. The boy was early put to his books, and upon his father's removal to Gospic he spent four years in the public school, and later, three years in the Real School, as it is called. His escapades were such as most quick witted boys go through, although he varied the programme on one occasion by getting imprisoned in a remote mountain chapel rarely visited for service; and on another occasion by falling headlong into a huge kettle of boiling milk, just drawn from the paternal herds. A third curious episode was that connected with his efforts to fly when, attempting to navigate the air with the aid of an old umbrella, he had, as might be expected, a very bad fall, and was laid up for six weeks.. ABOUT AUTHOR: Nikola Tesla (1856 –1943) was a Serbian American inventor, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, physicist, and futurist best known for his contributions to the design of the modern alternating current (AC) electricity supply system. Tesla gained experience in telephony and electrical engineering before emigrating to the United States in 1884 to work for Thomas Edison in New York City. He soon struck out on his own with financial backers, setting up laboratories and companies to develop a range of electrical devices. His patented AC induction motor and transformer were licensed by George Westinghouse, who also hired Tesla for a short time as a consultant. His work in the formative years of electric power development was involved in a corporate alternating current/direct current "War of Currents" as well as various patent battles. Tesla went on to pursue his ideas of wireless lighting and electricity distribution in his high-voltage, high-frequency power experiments in New York and Colorado Springs, and made early (1893) pronouncements on the possibility of wireless communication with his devices. He tried to put these ideas to practical use in an ill-fated attempt at intercontinental wireless transmission, his unfinished Wardenclyffe Tower project. In his lab he also conducted a range of experiments with mechanical oscillators/generators, electrical discharge tubes, and early X-ray imaging. He also built a wireless controlled boat, one of the first ever exhibited. Tesla was renowned for his achievements and showmanship, eventually earning him a reputation in popular culture as an archetypal "mad scientist". His patents earned him a considerable amount of money, much of which was used to finance his own projects with varying degrees of success. He lived most of his life in a series of New York hotels, through his retirement. Tesla died on 7 January 1943. His work fell into relative obscurity after his death, but in 1960 the General Conference on Weights and Measures named the SI unit of magnetic flux density the tesla in his honor. There has been a resurgence in popular interest in Tesla since the 1990s.

Herbal living is simple. It's natural. In this illustrated guide, you'll come to understand that an herbal life is a reward in itself. You will learn to appreciate the power held in one tiny leaf. You will be inspired to walk hand in hand with nature, accepting her gifts and respecting her in return. And you'll even learn to appreciate the immense potential you hold inside yourself. Detailing the medicinal uses for over 60 herbs and 23 essential oils, Herbal Living contains many useful recipes for health and home. Herbs for the kitchen, facial products, healing salves and tinctures are all covered in detail."Maya Cointreau will take you on a journey towards a new way of living life. She makes it easy to relate to the material and her words will leave you feeling confident and self-empowered." Kathy Lalonde, RPP

"The Americans" by Hugo Munsterberg stands alongside Alexis de Tocqueville's American Democracy as one of the great works on the New World written by a scholar deeply familiar with the Old World. When originally published, it gave the German public a sense of American life, and was described as "a book which deals in a detailed way with the political, economic, intellectual, and social aspects of American culture." Munsterberg, a world-renowned psychologist at the turn of the twentieth century, noted that "its purpose is to interpret systematically the democratic ideals of America."??The primary aim of The Americans is to study the people and America's inner tendencies. It offers a "philosophy of Americanism," the ideology of a people writ whole. Munsterberg's sense of the "spirit" of a people, rather than facts about the people, is revealed in his four cardinal chapters: Self-Direction, Self-Realization, Self-Perfection, and Self-Assertion. While he covers the economic premises of the free market and the politics of party affairs, he considers these the least important. Instead it is the lasting forces and tendencies of American life, rather than problems of the day, that occupy the author. ??This focus was shared by German readers, for whom the book was conceived, and for those in the United States who read the book in English.The dynamic of strong basic tendencies of democratic forces and lesser, but significant, aristocratic tendencies underwrites the strains and tensions in American society. It also defines the special nature of a book, written more than one hundred years ago, that retains its lively sense of purpose and deep insight into American life. ??One could well say that this book is required reading in this day and age for Americans and Europeans alike:??"This is a neglected masterpiece.."

El origen de las especies (The origin of species, en inglés) o más exactamente El origen de las especies mediante la selección natural o la conservación de las razas favorecidas en la lucha por la vida es un libro escrito por Charles Darwin (1809 -1882), publicado el 24 de noviembre de 1859 (John Murrap, Londres); agotó los 1.250 ejemplares impresos en el primer día. En él, expuso por primera vez sus ideas sobre la selección natural y la teoría de la evolución. Esta obra es un trabajo fundamental dentro de la historia de la ciencia y la biología. En él, Darwin argumenta largamente su teoría sobre cómo los organismos evolucionan gradualmente por medio de la selección natural, presentando evidencias de su teoría acumuladas en su viaje en el HMS Beagle en los a?os 1831-1836. Su teoría se oponía ampliamente a las teorías vigentes en su época, creacionismo y catastrofismo. El libro puede ser leído por no especialistas. Aunque las ideas presentadas constituyen la base de la biología moderna continúan siendo controvertidas para ciertos grupos religiosos quienes se apoyan en una interpretación literal de textos religiosos a favor de explicaciones creacionistas.

Av?nd ?n vedere c? o serie de concepte bazate pe teoria for?elor electrostatice (leg?turile chimice, cinetic? molecular?, mi?carea braunian? etc.) prezint? grave contradic?ii privind explicarea acestor fenomene ?i formularea unor r?spunsuri coerente la nivelul particulelor atomice, se impune o abordare nou? ?i o analiz? dintr-o alt? perspectiv? a fenomenelor amintite.Este edificator ?n acest sens s? lu?m cazul fluidelor care se pot disocia ?n molecule ?i chiar ?n atomi (chimie general?, C.D.Neni?escu) prin inc?lzire.Rezult? c? pe m?sur? ce cre?te temperatura (ex.a lichidelor) agita?ia termic? cresc?nd, deci cre?te ?i viteza de mi?care a particulelor atomice, scad for?ele de coeziune ?ntre aceste particule . La fel se ?nt?mpl? lucrurile cu metalele . La ?nc?lzirea peste o anumit? temperatur? metalele se ?nmoaie apoi se topesc deci oadat? cu cre?terea temperaturii (deci a vitezei de mi?care a particulelor) scad ca valoare for?ele de coeziune dintre moleculele substan?elor.A?adar avem o corela?ie direct? ?ntre viteza de mi?care a particulelor atomice ?i for?ele de coeziune dintre acestea. Acest lucru ne duce cu g?ndul la faptul c? aceste for?e ar putea fi de natur? electrodinamic?, fiind vorba numai ?i numai de influen?a vitezei de mi?care a particulelor ?i ?n nici un caz de for?e electrostatice care nu depind de viteza de mi?care a particulelor atomice (ci numai de m?rimea sarcinii ?i de distan?a dintre ele conform legii lui Couloumb).[...]

Volum coordonat de R?zvan Supuran Antologia de fa?? reune?te texte ap?rute ?n revista Me?eria?ii, publica?ie de circula?ie limitat?, fabricat? pe h?rtie me?te?ugit? ?i tip?rit? manual ?n cadrul Atelierului de Carte de la Muzeul ??ranului Rom?n.

Un program simplu, rapid ?i… sexy PROGRAMUL REVOLU?IONAR PREZENTAT ?N ACEAST? CARTE AJUT? PE ORICINE S? AIB? O INIM? S?N?TOAS?. Mai ?nt?i, doctorul Masley ??i va ar?ta cum s?-?i determini starea de s?n?tate cardiac?, dup? care te va ?ndruma pas cu pas cum s?-?i optimizezi inima, energia, silueta ?i via?a sexual?. Identific?nd principala cauz? a bolilor cardiovasculare – apari?ia ?i cre?terea pl?cii de aterom – autorul prezint? cele mai noi analize ?i teste care pot depista dezvoltarea pl?cii arteriale ?n faze incipiente, preciz?nd ?i pa?ii care trebuie urma?i pentru a opri ?i inversa cursul acestui proces. Vestea bun? este c? oricine – indiferent de v?rst?, de factorii ereditari sau de c?t de supraponderal este – ??i poate trata placa arterial?, prevenind astfel atacurile de cord ?i accidentele vascular cerebrale cu ajutorul acestui program, care are urm?toarele elemente-cheie: ? Alimentele cu efecte benefice pentru inim? ? Activitatea fizic? pentru ?nt?rirea inimii ?i a arterelor ? Managementul stresului ? Un plan de suplimente alimentare personalizat, prietenos pentru inim?. Un capitol separat demonstreaz? c? o inim? s?n?toas? cre?te libidoul ?i ?mbun?t??e?te func?ia sexual? at?t la b?rba?i, c?t ?i la femei. Mul?i cred c? aspectele de preven?ie ?i terapeutice ale bolilor cardiace constituie un fel de ?tiin?? complicat?. Gre?it! Doctorul Masley a creat un plan strategic simplu ?i u?or de aplicat pentru ?mbun?t??irea procesului de vindecare cardiovascular?. Recomand c?lduros cartea de fa?? tuturor persoanelor vulnerabile la bolile de inim?. – Dr. Stephen T. Sinatra, cardiolog ?i autorul bestsellerului New York Times – Reversing Heart Disease ?n spiritul lui Hipocrat, programul doctorului Masley demonstreaz? cum schimb?ri specifice ale stilului de via?? pot fi la fel de eficiente ca medicamentele ?n ?mbun?t??irea st?rii de s?n?tate a inimii. – Dr. David Perlmutter, autorul c?r?ii Grain Brain.

"Három ember utazik Skóciában a vonaton: egy matematikus, egy fizikus és egy tudományfilozófus. Egyszer csak a matematikus kinéz az ablakon, és azt mondja: – Nézzék, itt fekete bárányok vannak! Mire a fizikus: – Pontosítanék: itt vannak olyan bárányok, amelyek feketék. Mire a tudományfilozófus: – ?n is pontosítanék: itt vannak olyan bárányok, amelyeknek a fel?lünk látszó oldala fekete." - idéz a Monoverzumokban Galántai Zoltán egy ismert tudományfilozófiai anekdotát, azt érzékeltetve, hogy humorral még az egyébként olykor száraznak t?n? szakmai ?sszefüggéseket is érthet?en, érzékletesen lehet kifejezni. Az olvasó legnagyobb ?r?mére.

"Most, hogy ismét ?sszegy?lt egy k?nyvnyi írásom, meg kellett nézni, mit vállalok ma is és mit nem. A nem politikai témájú írások kevésbé romlandóak, azokat nyugodtan vállalom most is, legfeljebb kisebb korrekciókkal. Politikai nézeteim azonban akarvaakaratlanul is változtak, így ezek az írások alapvet? újragondolást igényeltek. Bármennyire érdekesnek is találom mostanában a politikát, valójában azt szeretném, ha a k?zbeszédnek ugyanúgy legfeljebb a negyedét tenné ki ez a téma, mint ennek a k?nyvnek. Annyi minden van, ami ennél sokkal érdekesebb. A másik háromnegyed akármi lehet, kit mi érdekel – engem például mostanában els?sorban az élet egyszer? dolgai, emellett a gazdaság és persze továbbra is a pszichológia. ?gy alakultak ki e k?nyv t?bbi részei." A szerz? az ELTE Pszichológiai Intézetének egyetemi tanára, jelenleg f? kutatási területe a gazdaság-pszi?cho?lógia.

AMONG the ranks of the great astronomers it would be difficult to find one whose life presents more interesting features and remarkable vicissitudes than does that of Galileo. We may consider him as the patient investigator and brilliant discoverer. We may consider him in his private relations, especially to his daughter, Sister Maria Celeste, a woman of very remarkable character ; and we have also the pathetic drama at the close of Galileo's life, when the philosopher drew down upon himself the thunders of the Inquisition. The materials for the sketch of this astonishing man are sufficiently abundant. We make special use in this place of those charming letters which his daughter wrote to him from her convent home. More than a hundred of these have been preserved, and it may well be doubted whether any more beautiful and touching series of letters addressed to a parent by a dearly loved child have ever been written. An admirable account of this correspondence is contained in a little book entitled "The Private Life of Galileo," published anonymously by Messrs. Macmillan in 1870, and I have been much indebted to the author of that volume for many of the facts contained in this chapter. Galileo was born at Pisa, on 18th February, 1564. He was the eldest son of Vincenzo de Bonajuti de Galilei, a Florentine noble. Notwithstanding his illustrious birth and descent, it would seem that the home in which the great philosopher's childhood was spent was an impoverished one. It was obvious at least that the young Galileo would have to be provided with some profession by which he might earn a livelihood. From his father he derived both by inheritance and by precept a keen taste for music, and it appears that he became an excellent performer on the lute. He was also endowed with considerable artistic power, which he cultivated diligently. Indeed, it would seem that for some time the future astronomer entertained the idea of devoting himself to painting as a profession. His father, however, decided that he should study medicine. Accordingly, we find that when Galileo was seventeen years of age, and had added a knowledge of Greek and Latin to his acquaintance with the fine arts, he was duly entered at the University of Pisa. AMONG the ranks of the great astronomers it would be difficult to find one whose life presents more interesting features and remarkable vicissitudes than does that of Galileo. We may consider him as the patient investigator and brilliant discoverer. We may consider him in his private relations, especially to his daughter, Sister Maria Celeste, a woman of very remarkable character ; and we have also the pathetic drama at the close of Galileo's life, when the philosopher drew down upon himself the thunders of the Inquisition. The materials for the sketch of this astonishing man are sufficiently abundant. We make special use in this place of those charming letters which his daughter wrote to him from her convent home. More than a hundred of these have been preserved, and it may well be doubted whether any more beautiful and touching series of letters addressed to a parent by a dearly loved child have ever been written. An admirable account of this correspondence is contained in a little book entitled "The Private Life of Galileo," published anonymously by Messrs. Macmillan in 1870, and I have been much indebted to the author of that volume for many of the facts contained in this chapter.

Copernicus, the astronomer, whose discoveries make him the great predecessor of Kepler and Newton, did not come from a noble family, as certain other early astronomers have done, for his father was a tradesman. Chroniclers are, however, careful to tell us that one of his uncles was a bishop. We are not acquainted with any of those details of his childhood or youth which are often of such interest in other cases where men have risen to exalted fame. It would appear that the young Nicolaus, for such was his Christian name, received his education at home until such time as he was deemed sufficiently advanced to be sent to the University at Cracow. The education that he there obtained must have been in those days of a very primitive description, but Copernicus seems to have availed himself of it to the utmost. He devoted himself more particularly to the study of medicine, with the view of adopting its practice as the profession of his life. The tendencies of the future astronomer were, however, revealed in the fact that he worked hard at mathematics, and, like one of his illustrious successors, Galileo, the practice of the art of painting had for him a very great interest, and in it he obtained some measure of success.??By the time he was twenty-seven years old, it would seem that Copernicus had given up the notion of becoming a medical practitioner, and had resolved to devote himself to science. He was engaged in teaching mathematics, and appears to have acquired some reputation. His growing fame attracted the notice of his uncle the bishop, at whose suggestion Copernicus took holy orders, and he was presently appointed to a canonry in the cathedral of Frauenhurg, near the mouth of the Vistula.? To Frauenburg, accordingly, this man of varied gifts retired. Possessing somewhat of the ascetic spirit, he resolved to devote his life to work of the most serious description. He eschewed all ordinary society, restricting his intimacies to very grave and learned companions, and refusing to engage in conversation of any useless kind. It would seem as if his gifts for painting were condemned as frivolous; at all events, we do not learn that he continued to practise them. In addition to the discharge of his theological duties, his life was occupied partly in ministering medically to the wants of the poor, and partly with his researches in astronomy and mathematics. His equipment in the matter of instruments for the study of the heavens seems to have been of a very meagre description. He arranged apertures in the walls of his house at Allenstein, so that he could observe in some fashion the passage of the stars across the meridian. That he possessed some talent for practical mechanics is proved by his construction of a contrivance for raising water from a stream, for the use of the inhabitants of Frauenburg. Relics of this machine are still to be Been.??The intellectual slumber of the Middle Ages was destined to be awakened by the revolutionary doctrines of Copernicus. It may be noted, as an interesting circumstance, that the time at which he discovered the scheme of the solar system has coincided with a remarkable epoch in the world's history. The great astronomer had just reached manhood at the time when Columbus discovered the new world.??Before the publication of the researches of Copernicus, the orthodox scientific creed averred that the earth was stationary, and that the apparent movements of the heavenly bodies were indeed real movements. Ptolemy had laid down this doctrine 1,400 years before. In his theory this huge error was associated with so much important truth, and the whole presented such a coherent scheme for the explanation of the heavenly movements, that the Ptolemaic theory was not seriously questioned until the great work of Copernicus appeared. No doubt others, before Copernicus, had from time to time in some vague fashion surmised, with more or less plausibility, that the sun..

Ez a k?nyv két év kutatómunkája alapján íródott. Fórumokon, internetes hozzászólásokban megnyilvánuló vélemények, és a velük kapcsolatban felmerült kérdések, illetve válaszok adják az írás gerincét. Nem orvos, nem tudós, nem kutató írta szaknyelven, hanem egy egyszer?, érz? ember, hétk?znapi nyelven, k?zérthet?en, azon igyekezve, hogy párhuzamot vonjon a szexuális irányultság két végletével és megértesse, hogy e szexuális orientációk egyenérték?ek. A kül?nleges szerelmi szálon futó t?rténet humorral, drámával f?szerezve bemutatja azokat a k?zponti problémákat, melyek a gy?l?letet táplálják a melegek felé és igyekszik utat mutatni az elfogadás irányába. Ma irtózol a homoszexuálisoktól. De mi lesz holnap, amikor a gyermeked, a legjobb barátod vagy a legkedvesebb rokonod megvallja, hogy ? úgy boldog? Az élet sorban osztja a pofonokat és nem tudhatjuk, mikor csattan a mi orcánkon... A k?nyv címét az alábbi idézet ihlette: ?Adj tüzedb?l lángot annak, aki kér!” /Marcus Tullius Cicero/ ?

FROM the eastern gate of Mardin the road decants itself plainwards in a skein of curves and zigzags—a vertical descent of 2000 feet, spinning out its gradients to a length of five or six miles. It is not at all a bad road. One could easily bicycle down it—and perhaps even bicycle up it if in specially strenuous mood. But it is, as it were, the swan-song of the modern Ottoman Telfords, and as soon as it reaches the level it reverts into a sheaf of footpaths. Henceforth to the end of our journey we saw no more metalled roads.We had now, too, a further reminder of the fact that we were quitting civilization, for a couple of zaptiehs rode with us to escort us over the stage to Nisibin. Hitherto such protection had been deemed needless: but in these remoter districts the Government prefers to have some tangible assurance of a European traveller’s safety, seeing that it is liable to be held responsible if he is unfortunate enough to come to grief. Thus that modest intruder finds himself passed on from city to city with all the pomp and circumstance of an armed cavalry escort; and afflicted at every stage with the consciousness that he is passing current at a face value vastly in excess of his intrinsic worth. The zaptiehs are a sort of military police, analogous to the Spanish Civil Guard or the Royal Irish Constabulary; though we fear that these two corps d’elite would not be likely to feel gratified at a suggestion that such deplorable ragamuffins should “march through Coventry” with them. Personally, for the most part, they are good-humoured and obliging fellows; accepting rough weather and hard lodging with the utmost philosophy. Also they rather welcome the chance of a little escort duty. It is a pleasant change from the monotony of garrison life; and there is a tip to look forward to finally, though this must be “under the rose.” “You have not mentioned that you’ve given us a present?” said one of our fellows with engaging na?veté when we asked him to carry back a letter—“Because it isn’t allowed!” But though Western civilization extends thus far no longer, there is not wanting tangible evidence to prove that it was here long ago. In the midst of one of the first plain villages there rises, like a lofty aiguille, the angle of a Roman watch tower. It seems impossible that such a slender fragment should be able to withstand wind and weather much longer; but hitherto the huge square blocks have stood firm though all support has fallen away. A Roman church (or more probably a Roman house converted into a church) stands in another village; and at the end of a short day’s journey we turned aside to visit some yet more striking remains. The mountains at this point ravel out on to the plain in a line of gently sloping spurs, and from between two of these issues a broad and shallow but never-failing stream. The spurs immediately westward of it are conspicuously gashed across with wide deep transverse trenches; and as we draw nearer we perceive that the ridge on each side of the river is crested with a ruined rampart, and that the hollow enclosed between them is a regular sugar bowl of huge disjointed stones. Here and there out of the chaos rises the fragment of a mighty tower or a massive skeleton archway, and presently we can descry a few wretched Kurdish hovels half hidden among the débris of the great devastated city.

A ciência e a tecnologia na contemporaneidade condicionam a organiza??o social e as formas existentes e emergentes de desigualdade e exclus?o tanto em cada sociedade como entre sociedades e regi?es do mundo. Os contextos de acesso e apropria??o do conhecimento científico e tecnológico s?o diversificados, como diferenciados s?o os públicos que se constituem em rela??o com esses contextos e modos de acesso e de apropria??o. Os textos desta colet?nea problematizam sob diferentes aspectos as quest?es críticas para a compreens?o e aplica??o do conceito de apropria??o social do conhecimento científico e tecnológico.