El origen de las especies (The origin of species, en inglés) o más exactamente El origen de las especies mediante la selección natural o la conservación de las razas favorecidas en la lucha por la vida es un libro escrito por Charles Darwin (1809 -1882), publicado el 24 de noviembre de 1859 (John Murrap, Londres); agotó los 1.250 ejemplares impresos en el primer día. En él, expuso por primera vez sus ideas sobre la selección natural y la teoría de la evolución. Esta obra es un trabajo fundamental dentro de la historia de la ciencia y la biología. En él, Darwin argumenta largamente su teoría sobre cómo los organismos evolucionan gradualmente por medio de la selección natural, presentando evidencias de su teoría acumuladas en su viaje en el HMS Beagle en los a?os 1831-1836. Su teoría se oponía ampliamente a las teorías vigentes en su época, creacionismo y catastrofismo. El libro puede ser leído por no especialistas. Aunque las ideas presentadas constituyen la base de la biología moderna continúan siendo controvertidas para ciertos grupos religiosos quienes se apoyan en una interpretación literal de textos religiosos a favor de explicaciones creacionistas.

Av?nd ?n vedere c? o serie de concepte bazate pe teoria for?elor electrostatice (leg?turile chimice, cinetic? molecular?, mi?carea braunian? etc.) prezint? grave contradic?ii privind explicarea acestor fenomene ?i formularea unor r?spunsuri coerente la nivelul particulelor atomice, se impune o abordare nou? ?i o analiz? dintr-o alt? perspectiv? a fenomenelor amintite.Este edificator ?n acest sens s? lu?m cazul fluidelor care se pot disocia ?n molecule ?i chiar ?n atomi (chimie general?, C.D.Neni?escu) prin inc?lzire.Rezult? c? pe m?sur? ce cre?te temperatura (ex.a lichidelor) agita?ia termic? cresc?nd, deci cre?te ?i viteza de mi?care a particulelor atomice, scad for?ele de coeziune ?ntre aceste particule . La fel se ?nt?mpl? lucrurile cu metalele . La ?nc?lzirea peste o anumit? temperatur? metalele se ?nmoaie apoi se topesc deci oadat? cu cre?terea temperaturii (deci a vitezei de mi?care a particulelor) scad ca valoare for?ele de coeziune dintre moleculele substan?elor.A?adar avem o corela?ie direct? ?ntre viteza de mi?care a particulelor atomice ?i for?ele de coeziune dintre acestea. Acest lucru ne duce cu g?ndul la faptul c? aceste for?e ar putea fi de natur? electrodinamic?, fiind vorba numai ?i numai de influen?a vitezei de mi?care a particulelor ?i ?n nici un caz de for?e electrostatice care nu depind de viteza de mi?care a particulelor atomice (ci numai de m?rimea sarcinii ?i de distan?a dintre ele conform legii lui Couloumb).[...]

Az egészségügyi szakemberek fontos feladata a kliensekkel folytatott beszélgetés. A diagnózis felállításán túl a terápia megbeszélése, valamint a megel?zésr?l szóló tájékoztatás is hozzájárul a hatékony gyógyításhoz. A korszer?, bizonyíték-alapú gyógyításban az egészségügyi szakember-kliens diskurzusok tanulmányozása megkerülhetetlen részét képezik az egészségtudományi kutatásoknak, hiszen a róluk készített részletes, módszeres és mélységi elemzések kiegészítik a statisztikai tényeken alapuló megk?zelítéseket. A k?nyv egészségügyi szakemberek és hallgatók-orvosok, ápolók, szülészn?k, gyógytornászok, dietetikusok- számára nyújt áttekint? képet a kvalitatív elemzések fajtáiról, módszereir?l és technikáiról, hogy segítséget nyújtson a kutatások megválasztásában, kidolgozásában és publikálásában. A szerz? mind a kézi, mind a számítógépes adatfeldolgozási módszereket példákon keresztül mutatja be, valamint a kül?nb?z? diskurzus-elemzési módszereket magyar k?zleményekb?l vett szemelvények segítségével illusztrálja. A glosszárium jelent?s segítséget nyújt a filozófiai és nyelvészeti kifejezések megértésében. A k?nyv használható kutatásmódszertani segédk?nyvként, de ?nállóan, egy kurzus részeként is alkalmazható.

These Essays, or rather Lectures, contain the first-fruits of the earliest systematic attempt to apply the theory of Evolution to the products of human handiwork. In their original form they have long been difficult to obtain; and they are reprinted now to supply the needs of candidates for the Oxford Diploma in Anthropology, and of the numerous visitors to the Pitt-Rivers Museum in Oxford. But they will certainly appeal to a far wider public also, as a brief and authentic statement of their author’s discoveries. The four Essays are reprinted substantially as they were first delivered and published. But verbal errors and actual misquotations have been corrected; and allusions to specimens or diagrams exhibited during the original discourses, but not published, have been replaced so far as possible by references to similar objects figured in the Plates. The Plates are photographic reproductions of the original illustrations, with the exception of Plates V, XIII, XVII, XVIII. Of these, Plate XIII has simply been re-drawn, from a faded original; Plates XVII and XVIII have been translated, without loss of detail, from colours to monochrome shading; Plate V has been reconstituted from illustrations quoted in the text, with the permission of their publisher, Mr. Murray. Plate XXI is reproduced, by permission of Sir John Evans, from the paper which it illustrated originally. The footnotes demand a word of explanation. The author, as the original publications show, was not precise in indicating his sources: he frequently gave, as a quotation, the general sense rather than the exact words of his authority; and occasionally his memory played him false. In the reprint, the precise references have been identified, and are given in full, and obvious errors in the text have been either amended or corrected in a footnote. The editor desires to acknowledge much valuable help in the search for references from Miss C. M. Prior, of Headington.

AMONG the ranks of the great astronomers it would be difficult to find one whose life presents more interesting features and remarkable vicissitudes than does that of Galileo. We may consider him as the patient investigator and brilliant discoverer. We may consider him in his private relations, especially to his daughter, Sister Maria Celeste, a woman of very remarkable character ; and we have also the pathetic drama at the close of Galileo's life, when the philosopher drew down upon himself the thunders of the Inquisition. The materials for the sketch of this astonishing man are sufficiently abundant. We make special use in this place of those charming letters which his daughter wrote to him from her convent home. More than a hundred of these have been preserved, and it may well be doubted whether any more beautiful and touching series of letters addressed to a parent by a dearly loved child have ever been written. An admirable account of this correspondence is contained in a little book entitled "The Private Life of Galileo," published anonymously by Messrs. Macmillan in 1870, and I have been much indebted to the author of that volume for many of the facts contained in this chapter. Galileo was born at Pisa, on 18th February, 1564. He was the eldest son of Vincenzo de Bonajuti de Galilei, a Florentine noble. Notwithstanding his illustrious birth and descent, it would seem that the home in which the great philosopher's childhood was spent was an impoverished one. It was obvious at least that the young Galileo would have to be provided with some profession by which he might earn a livelihood. From his father he derived both by inheritance and by precept a keen taste for music, and it appears that he became an excellent performer on the lute. He was also endowed with considerable artistic power, which he cultivated diligently. Indeed, it would seem that for some time the future astronomer entertained the idea of devoting himself to painting as a profession. His father, however, decided that he should study medicine. Accordingly, we find that when Galileo was seventeen years of age, and had added a knowledge of Greek and Latin to his acquaintance with the fine arts, he was duly entered at the University of Pisa. AMONG the ranks of the great astronomers it would be difficult to find one whose life presents more interesting features and remarkable vicissitudes than does that of Galileo. We may consider him as the patient investigator and brilliant discoverer. We may consider him in his private relations, especially to his daughter, Sister Maria Celeste, a woman of very remarkable character ; and we have also the pathetic drama at the close of Galileo's life, when the philosopher drew down upon himself the thunders of the Inquisition. The materials for the sketch of this astonishing man are sufficiently abundant. We make special use in this place of those charming letters which his daughter wrote to him from her convent home. More than a hundred of these have been preserved, and it may well be doubted whether any more beautiful and touching series of letters addressed to a parent by a dearly loved child have ever been written. An admirable account of this correspondence is contained in a little book entitled "The Private Life of Galileo," published anonymously by Messrs. Macmillan in 1870, and I have been much indebted to the author of that volume for many of the facts contained in this chapter.

IT was just a year after the death of Galileo, that an infant came into the world who was christened Isaac Newton. Even the great fame of Galileo himself must be relegated to a second place in comparison with that of the philosopher who first expounded the true theory of the universe. Isaac Newton was born on the 25th of December (old style), 1642, at Woolsthorpe, in Lincolnshire, about a half-mile from Colsterworth, and eight miles south of Grantham. His father, Mr. Isaac Newton, had died a few months after his marriage to Harriet Ayscough, the daughter of Mr. James Ayscough, of Market Overton, in Rutlandshire. The little Isaac was at first so excessively frail and weakly that his life was despaired of. The watchful mother, however, tended her delicate child with such success that he seems to have thriven better than might have been expected from the circumstances of his infancy, and he ultimately acquired a frame strong enough to outlast the ordinary span of human life.For three years they continued to live at Woolsthorpe, the widow's means of livelihood being supplemented by the income from another small estate at Sewstern, in a neighbouring part of Leicestershire. In 1645, Mrs. Newton took as a second husband the Rev. Barnabas Smith, and on moving to her new home, about a mile from Woolsthorpe, she entrusted little Isaac to her mother, Mrs. Ayscough. In due time we find that the boy was sent to the public school at Grantham, the name of the master being Stokes. For the purpose of being near his work, the embryo philosopher was boarded at the house of Mr. Clark, an apothecary at Grantham. We learn from Newton himself that at first he had a very low place in the class lists of the school, and was by no means one of those model school-boys who find favour in the eyes of the school-master by attention to Latin grammar. Isaac's first incentive to diligent study seems to have been derived from the circumstance that he was severely kicked by one of the boys who was above him in the class. This indignity had the effect of stimulating young Newton's activity to such an extent that he not only attained the desired object of passing over the head of the boy who had maltreated him, but continued to rise until he became the head of the school.The play-hours of the great philosopher were devoted to pursuits very different from those of most school-boys. His chief amusement was found in making mechanical toys and various ingenious contrivances. He watched day by day with great interest the workmen engaged in constructing a windmill in the neighbourhood of the school, the result of which was that the boy made a working model of the windmill and of its machinery, which seems to have been much admired, as indicating his aptitude for mechanics. We are told that Isaac also indulged in somewhat higher flights of mechanical enterprise. He constructed a carriage, the wheels of which were to be driven by the hands of the occupant, while the first philosophical instrument he made was a clock, which was actuated by water. He also devoted much attention to the construction of paper kites, and his skill in this respect was highly appreciated by his schoolfellows. Like a true philosopher, even at this stage he experimented on the best methods of attaching the string, and on the proportions which the tail ought to have. He also made lanthorns of paper to provide himself with light as he walked to school in the dark winter mornings.

zet olarak tüm tp almalar & Bilim felsefesi & Hayat hikayesi & Metodolojisi ve Tahlilleri ilaveli bni Sin, daha ocukluunda, evresini hayrete düüren bir zek ve hafza rnei gstermitir. Küük yata ann bütün, ilimlerini renmiti. Gündüz ve gece okumakla vakit geirir, mum nda saatlerce, ou zaman sabahlara kadar alrd. Pek az uyurdu. Buhara Emiri Nuh bni Mansur’u ar bir hastalktan kurtard ve bu yüzden de Samanoullar saraynn kütüphanesinde alma iznini ald. Bu sayede pek ok eseri elinin altnda bulduu iin vaktini kitap okumak ve yazmakla geirdi. Hükümdar ldüü zaman o, henüz yirmi yandayd ve Buhr'dan ayrlarak Harzem'e gitti: EI-Brni gibi büyük bir hret ve deerin, onun alkanlna, bilgisine deer vermesi, kendisini yanna kabul etmesi, beraber almas, hakknda kskanla yol at. Bu yüzden takibata bile urad. Harzem'de barnamayarak yeniden yollara dütü. ehirden ehre dolaarak nihayet Hemedan'a kadar geldi ve orada kalmaya karar verdi. bni Sn, ou fizik, astronomi ve felsefeyle ilgili olarak 150 civarnda eser yazmt. Farsa olan birka dnda bunlarn hepsi Arapa'dr. ünkü o devirde ilim eserlerini Arap diliyle yazmak detti. Arapa'ya bu bakmdan deer verilirdi. Bilhassa tp ilmine dair aratrmalar son derece orijinal ve dorudur. Bu yüzden dou ve bat hekimliine kelimenin tam anlamyla, 600 yl, hükmetmitir. Eserleri Bat dillerine Latince yoluyla evrilerek Avicenna diye hrete ulaan bni Sin, yanl olarak bir süre Avrupa'da ranl hekim ve filozof olarak tannmtr. Bunun da sebebi, eserlerini Türke yazmam olmasndandr… Bununla beraber, batllar da kendisini Hkim-i Tb, yani hekimlerin piri ve hükümdar olarak kabul etmilerdir. 16 yandayken pratik hekimlie balayan bni Sin, resm saray doktorluu da yapmtr. NDEKLER: BN- SNA’NIN HAYATI ve ALIMALARI ESERLER bn-i Sina’nn Felsefi Anlay Varlk ve Mantk BN- SNA VE VARLIK FELSEFES VARLIK FELSEFES VE BN SNA* Varla likin Grüleri: BN- SNA’DA 3 MESELE A- VARLIK BLNC’NN NCEL B- NAYET VE ERRN LAH KAZADA BULUNUU (KTLK PROBLEM) C-FLLERN ALLAHTAN SUDURU BN- SNA’NIN BLM FELSEFES SLAMDA SMYA VE BN- SNA’NIN SMYAYA KATKILARI.. Tarihi zgemii nkar ve Muhalefet Batya Etkisi BN- SNA’NIN TIP FELSEFES BN- SNANIN TIP TARHNDEK YER…. Tp Sahasndaki Baz Bulular TIBBIN KANUNU ESER HAKKINDA.. BN- SNA’NIN FA FELSEFES BN- SNA’NIN VARLIK VE EVREN FELSEFES BN- SNA VE SUDUR NAZARYES… BN- SNA VE SPNOZADA DN VE FELSEFE LKLER B. BN SN FELSEFESNDE LEMN KIDEM/EZELL SORUNU C. GENEL DEERLENDRME SLAM METAFZ VE BN- SNA slam Metafiziine Ksa Bir Bak: bn Sn’ya Gre Nefsin Bedenden Ayrl Sonras Durumu BN- SNA’NIN “El-rtü ve’t-Tenbhtü fi’l-Mantk ve’l-Hikme” Kitab Hakknda BN- SNA VE ETM BN- SNA’NIN PSKOLOJK YAKLAIMLARI bn Sina’nn Aile Siyasetine Dair Risalesindeki Temel Grüleri KEND AZINDAN BN- SNA Genlik ve Olgunluk Devresi (M. 997 -1005) Seyahatler Devresi (M.1005-1014) (bn-i Sn’nn Hayatnda) Büveyhler Devresi bn-i Sn’nn Hayatnda Kkyler Devresi (M. 1024 -1037) BN- SNA’DA NAMAZ VE FA BALANTISI BN- SN’NIN NAMAZ RSALES Namazn Mahiyeti: Namaz: Namaz, nefs-i natkann, gk cisimlerine benzemesi ve ebed sevap istemek iin Mutlak olan Hakk’a tapnmas demektir. Namazn hakikati: Namazn Zahir ve Batna Ayrlmas Beyanndadr: Bu blüm nceki iki ksm namazdan her birinin kime ve hangi snfa vacib olduunu bildirir: BN- SNA’NIN RUH LE LGL KASDES ZETLE BN- SNANIN BLME KATKILARI BN- SNANIN UNUTULMAYAN SZLER

Основные принципы лечебного питания и советы по подбору продуктов Рецепты вкусных блюд, эффективных в борьбе с болезнями Очень часто мы полагаемся на таблетки и лекарства, хотя действенные и полезные средства от недугов всегда под рукой! Рецепты блюд, приведенные в книге, позволят вам отказаться от большинства медикаментов. Блюда содержат множество целебных веществ и помогут не только поддержать здоровье, но и излечить подагру и диабет, болезни сердца и сосудов, суставов и позвоночника, печени, почек, щитовидной и поджелудочной железы. Вы сможете составить индивидуальное меню здорового питания. Здесь представлены рецепты супов, блюд из мяса, рыбы, грибов, овощей, круп, молочных продуктов и т. д. Используются только доступные ингредиенты. Готовьте с нашей книгой – и избавляйтесь от болезней! Osnovnye principy lechebnogo pitanija i sovety po podboru produktov Recepty vkusnyh bljud, jeffektivnyh v bor'be s boleznjami Ochen' chasto my polagaemsja na tabletki i lekarstva, hotja dejstvennye i poleznye sredstva ot nedugov vsegda pod rukoj! Recepty bljud, privedennye v knige, pozvoljat vam otkazat'sja ot bol'shinstva medikamentov. Bljuda soderzhat mnozhestvo celebnyh veshhestv i pomogut ne tol'ko podderzhat' zdorov'e, no i izlechit' podagru i diabet, bolezni serdca i sosudov, sustavov i pozvonochnika, pecheni, pochek, shhitovidnoj i podzheludochnoj zhelezy. Vy smozhete sostavit' individual'noe menju zdorovogo pitanija. Zdes' predstavleny recepty supov, bljud iz mjasa, ryby, gribov, ovoshhej, krup, molochnyh produktov i t. d. Ispol'zujutsja tol'ko dostupnye ingredienty. Gotov'te s nashej knigoj – i izbavljajtes' ot boleznej!

Книга расскажет о причинах возникновения таких серьезных хронических недугов как радикулит и ревматизм, их формах и соответствующих народных методах и рецептах лечения, проверенных многими поколениями. И сейчас не утратили свою эффективность, став незаменимыми помощниками официальной медикаментозной медицины, оздоровительные банные процедуры, минеральные воды, отвары и настои лекарственных трав для внутреннего и наружного применения, разнообразные массажи и комплексы лечебных упражнений, рецепты лечения эфирными маслами, продуктами пчеловодства, солями и металлами. Их подробное описание для регулярного применения, а также рецепты блюд сбалансированной ежедневной диеты для лечебного питания помогут вернуть здоровье и силу вашему позвоночнику и суставам.Kniga rasskazhet o prichinah vozniknovenija takih ser'eznyh hronicheskih nedugov kak radikulit i revmatizm, ih formah i sootvetstvujushhih narodnyh metodah i receptah lechenija, proverennyh mnogimi pokolenijami. I sejchas ne utratili svoju jeffektivnost', stav nezamenimymi pomoshhnikami oficial'noj medikamentoznoj mediciny, ozdorovitel'nye bannye procedury, mineral'nye vody, otvary i nastoi lekarstvennyh trav dlja vnutrennego i naruzhnogo primenenija, raznoobraznye massazhi i kompleksy lechebnyh uprazhnenij, recepty lechenija jefirnymi maslami, produktami pchelovodstva, soljami i metallami. Ih podrobnoe opisanie dlja reguljarnogo primenenija, a takzhe recepty bljud sbalansirovannoj ezhednevnoj diety dlja lechebnogo pitanija pomogut vernut' zdorov'e i silu vashemu pozvonochniku i sustavam.

On the Origin of Species

Ebola Free World-Stopping The Killer Virus: How Nigeria Did It And How Other Countries Can Too

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The paperback of the critically-acclaimed popular science book by a writer who is fast becoming a celebrity mathematician. Prime numbers are the very atoms of arithmetic. They also embody one of the most tantalising enigmas in the pursuit of human knowledge. How can one predict when the next prime number will occur? Is there a formula which could generate primes? These apparently simple questions have confounded mathematicians ever since the Ancient Greeks. In 1859, the brilliant German mathematician Bernard Riemann put forward an idea which finally seemed to reveal a magical harmony at work in the numerical landscape. The promise that these eternal, unchanging numbers would finally reveal their secret thrilled mathematicians around the world. Yet Riemann, a hypochondriac and a troubled perfectionist, never publicly provided a proof for his hypothesis and his housekeeper burnt all his personal papers on his death. Whoever cracks Riemann's hypothesis will go down in history, for it has implications far beyond mathematics. In business, it is the lynchpin for security and e-commerce. In science, it has critical ramifications in Quantum Mechanics, Chaos Theory, and the future of computing. Pioneers in each of these fields are racing to crack the code and a prize of $1 million has been offered to the winner. As yet, it remains unsolved. In this breathtaking book, mathematician Marcus du Sautoy tells the story of the eccentric and brilliant men who have struggled to solve one of the biggest mysteries in science. It is a story of strange journeys, last-minute escapes from death and the unquenchable thirst for knowledge. Above all, it is a moving and awe-inspiring evocation of the mathematician's world and the beauties and mysteries it contains.

Top ten Sunday Times Bestseller ‘Engaging, ambitious and creative’ Guardian Where are we? Are we alone? Who are we? Why are we here? What is our future? Human Universe tackles some of the greatest questions that humans have asked to try and understand the very nature of ourselves and the Universe in which we live. Through the endless leaps of human minds, it explores the extraordinary depth of our knowledge today and where our curiosity may lead us in the future. With groundbreaking insight it reveals how time, physics and chemistry came together to create a creature that can wonder at its own existence, blessed with an unquenchable thirst to discover not just where it came from, but how it can think, where it is going and if it is alone. Accompanies the acclaimed BBC TV series.

Streetlamps, neon signs – an ever-present glow that has changed the natural world and adversely affected our health; Paul Bogard illuminates the problems caused by a lack of darkness.

A practical restoration manual on the E36, the 3 Series BMWs built between 1990 & 1999. Covers all models from the 316 compact to the M3. Advice is given on acquiring a good pre-owned example plus restoring & modifying engines, bodywork, trim, electrics, suspension & mechanical parts. Detailed information on Alpina & M3 cars. A total of 148 fully illustrated colour and black & white

Origins and history of the Range Rover marque, design and development of early models plus market research in Europe, Africa and the USA. A personal memoir by, author, Graham Bannock, of his time with the Rover Company in the late 1950s and the 1960s, which was the time the Range Rover was under development. Contents: Introduction; The Pearl in the Oyster: Origins of the Range Rover; Earlier History; How it was: Solihull in the 1960s; Across Africa: I The Sudan; Across Africa: II Ethiopia: Travels in North America, Europe and Africa; Renaissance - Appendix I: Rover's Finances by Graham Bannock and Alan Doran; Appendix II: Rover Gas Turbines by Graham Bannock and James Taylor; Appendix III - Internal memoranda; Bibliography.

This is a do it ourself workshop manual, it was written for the owner who wishes to maintain his vehicle & carry out the bulk of his own servicing & repairs. Step by step instructions are given of most dismantling, overhauling & assembling operations. Covers Giulia 1300TI, GT Junior 1967-1972, Giulia 1600TI, Super 1962-1972, Giulia 1600 Sprint GT, GTV 1963-1968, Giulia 1600 Spider, Duetto 1962-1968, Giulia 1.6 Super 1972-1975, GT Junior 1.6 1972-1975, GT Junior 1600 1975-1976, 1750 GT Veloce 1968-1972, 1750 Spider Veloce 1968-1972, 2000 GT Veloce 1971-1975, 2000 Spider Veloce 1971-1978. A total of 168 fully illustrated pages. SB.

This book contains a variety of information, both of a practical nature and otherwise, including the identification of alternative equivalent parts sources, which is applicable to all Lotus Elan 1500/1600 models as well as S2, S3, S4 and Sprint derivatives, produced between the years 1962 and 1973.