Aceast? carte con?ine informa?ii utile privind refacerea s?n?t??ii cu produse naturale ?i prin metode naturale, oferind o vedere de ansamblufundamental? pentru persoanele f?r? preg?tire medical? ?i o colec?ie de tehnici cu sfaturi utile ?n procesul de vindecare. ?n plus, aceast? lucrare ?i provoac? pe profesioni?tii din domeniul medical s? reinvestigheze impar?ial studiile din prezent ?i din trecut ?n acest domeniu, f?r? prejudec??i. Ve?i g?si date despre prevenirea ?i tratamentul: cancerului, anemiilor, artritei, SIDA, diabetului zaharat, cefaleei, bolii Alzheimer,hipertensiunii arteriale, obezit??ii, menopauzei, osteoporozei etc.

O colec?ie de peste patruzeci dintre eseurile preferate ale lui Tyson, Moartea ?ntr-o gaur? neagr? abordeaz? nenum?rate subiecte, de la firavele eforturi ale industriei filmului de a crea cerul ?nstelat, p?n? la ce-ar ?nsemna s? te afli ?n interiorul unei g?uri negre.?Cel mai cunoscut astrofizician al Americii, Tyson este un profesor ?nn?scut, care ?tie s? explice pe ?n?elesul tuturor teoriile complicate ale astrofizicii ?i ?n acela?i timp s? ne transmit? fascina?ia pe care o are fa?? de univers.?Este absolut obligatoriu s? g?sim oameni de ?tiin?? care s? ne poat? explica nu doar ceea ce descoperim, ci ?i modul ?n care facem acele descoperiri. Neil deGrasse Tyson este unul dintre ei." - Boston Sunday Globe?

Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna) was born in 980 in Buhara, and died in 1037 in Hamadan, Persia (now Iran). He is a physician, physicist, writer, philosopher and scientist. He was known in the West as the founder of modern science in the medieval ages, the leader of physicians and dubbed as the “Doctors’ Doctor”. His fame rests on his book, Al-Qānūn fī al-?ibb (The Canon of Medicine) which was regarded as the principal medical work in the field of medicine for seven centuries and this book remained as a reference source for medical studies in the universities of Europe until the end of seventeenth century. ????????????? If now we examine his work “The Canon of Medicine”, we find that he has an extensive explanation of anatomy and in his work in which he gives a clear definition of some organs which can be visualised with today’s some special imaging devices, today, there are still many unresolved and unstudied methods. Ibn Sina’s curative recipes were used in the European medicine for many centuries even after his death. The famous astronomer Copernicus, also a nephrologist, has healed using the recipes of Ibn Sina who has lived before his birth over 500 year ago. ????????????? When i had first read the second volume of Ibn Sina’s study, “The Canon of Medicine”, telling about which plant is recuperative and the applications of these plants internally and externally, i came up with the idea of bringing this study down to a simpler level of understanding that everybody can comprehend, rather than letting it be understood just by the specialists. But I could bring this out after 1 year of work. Staying faithful to the context of the book, submitting this book on behalf of the community was my biggest wish. In order to bring?simplicity, I worked meticulously to compile an index of plant names together with their latinized forms which are sorted in alphabetical order and also an alphabetical index of diseases. I got opinion and also support from doctors and experts in Phytotherapists. I left the explanations as they are since i didn’t want to make any extra additions to the book. If a detailed survey of the plants is carried out, there is more detailed information in the literature about how they should be used. We can already see that the modern medicine finds out solutions to many diseases but nevertheless, there are still dozens of diseases which can not be healed. For instance, in this work, Ibn Sina explains the reason of why he has named a plant as “Swallow-wort” as follows: Sometimes the newborn nestlings of a swallow suffer from blindness. It was observed that the mother squeezes the extract of this plant onto their babies’eyelids and then their eyes were healed. All the same, if this kind of plants are examined throughly, it is quite possible to observe the same effect on humans as well. In this case, i call upon the expert scientist, to carry out these researches. At the end of this book, i added also some basic methods of practical home care medicine which are used in traditional medicine. I believe that these will be found useful and practical. I hope that this will be useful for humanity... ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? Caner OZOGUL ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ??? (Herbalist)

zet olarak tüm tp almalar & Bilim felsefesi & Hayat hikayesi & Metodolojisi ve Tahlilleri ilaveli bni Sin, daha ocukluunda, evresini hayrete düüren bir zek ve hafza rnei gstermitir. Küük yata ann bütün, ilimlerini renmiti. Gündüz ve gece okumakla vakit geirir, mum nda saatlerce, ou zaman sabahlara kadar alrd. Pek az uyurdu. Buhara Emiri Nuh bni Mansur’u ar bir hastalktan kurtard ve bu yüzden de Samanoullar saraynn kütüphanesinde alma iznini ald. Bu sayede pek ok eseri elinin altnda bulduu iin vaktini kitap okumak ve yazmakla geirdi. Hükümdar ldüü zaman o, henüz yirmi yandayd ve Buhr'dan ayrlarak Harzem'e gitti: EI-Brni gibi büyük bir hret ve deerin, onun alkanlna, bilgisine deer vermesi, kendisini yanna kabul etmesi, beraber almas, hakknda kskanla yol at. Bu yüzden takibata bile urad. Harzem'de barnamayarak yeniden yollara dütü. ehirden ehre dolaarak nihayet Hemedan'a kadar geldi ve orada kalmaya karar verdi. bni Sn, ou fizik, astronomi ve felsefeyle ilgili olarak 150 civarnda eser yazmt. Farsa olan birka dnda bunlarn hepsi Arapa'dr. ünkü o devirde ilim eserlerini Arap diliyle yazmak detti. Arapa'ya bu bakmdan deer verilirdi. Bilhassa tp ilmine dair aratrmalar son derece orijinal ve dorudur. Bu yüzden dou ve bat hekimliine kelimenin tam anlamyla, 600 yl, hükmetmitir. Eserleri Bat dillerine Latince yoluyla evrilerek Avicenna diye hrete ulaan bni Sin, yanl olarak bir süre Avrupa'da ranl hekim ve filozof olarak tannmtr. Bunun da sebebi, eserlerini Türke yazmam olmasndandr… Bununla beraber, batllar da kendisini Hkim-i Tb, yani hekimlerin piri ve hükümdar olarak kabul etmilerdir. 16 yandayken pratik hekimlie balayan bni Sin, resm saray doktorluu da yapmtr. NDEKLER: BN- SNA’NIN HAYATI ve ALIMALARI ESERLER bn-i Sina’nn Felsefi Anlay Varlk ve Mantk BN- SNA VE VARLIK FELSEFES VARLIK FELSEFES VE BN SNA* Varla likin Grüleri: BN- SNA’DA 3 MESELE A- VARLIK BLNC’NN NCEL B- NAYET VE ERRN LAH KAZADA BULUNUU (KTLK PROBLEM) C-FLLERN ALLAHTAN SUDURU BN- SNA’NIN BLM FELSEFES SLAMDA SMYA VE BN- SNA’NIN SMYAYA KATKILARI.. Tarihi zgemii nkar ve Muhalefet Batya Etkisi BN- SNA’NIN TIP FELSEFES BN- SNANIN TIP TARHNDEK YER…. Tp Sahasndaki Baz Bulular TIBBIN KANUNU ESER HAKKINDA.. BN- SNA’NIN FA FELSEFES BN- SNA’NIN VARLIK VE EVREN FELSEFES BN- SNA VE SUDUR NAZARYES… BN- SNA VE SPNOZADA DN VE FELSEFE LKLER B. BN SN FELSEFESNDE LEMN KIDEM/EZELL SORUNU C. GENEL DEERLENDRME SLAM METAFZ VE BN- SNA slam Metafiziine Ksa Bir Bak: bn Sn’ya Gre Nefsin Bedenden Ayrl Sonras Durumu BN- SNA’NIN “El-rtü ve’t-Tenbhtü fi’l-Mantk ve’l-Hikme” Kitab Hakknda BN- SNA VE ETM BN- SNA’NIN PSKOLOJK YAKLAIMLARI bn Sina’nn Aile Siyasetine Dair Risalesindeki Temel Grüleri KEND AZINDAN BN- SNA Genlik ve Olgunluk Devresi (M. 997 -1005) Seyahatler Devresi (M.1005-1014) (bn-i Sn’nn Hayatnda) Büveyhler Devresi bn-i Sn’nn Hayatnda Kkyler Devresi (M. 1024 -1037) BN- SNA’DA NAMAZ VE FA BALANTISI BN- SN’NIN NAMAZ RSALES Namazn Mahiyeti: Namaz: Namaz, nefs-i natkann, gk cisimlerine benzemesi ve ebed sevap istemek iin Mutlak olan Hakk’a tapnmas demektir. Namazn hakikati: Namazn Zahir ve Batna Ayrlmas Beyanndadr: Bu blüm nceki iki ksm namazdan her birinin kime ve hangi snfa vacib olduunu bildirir: BN- SNA’NIN RUH LE LGL KASDES ZETLE BN- SNANIN BLME KATKILARI BN- SNANIN UNUTULMAYAN SZLER

It was in this interesting border region, and from among these valiant Eastern folk, that Nikola Tesla was born in the year 1857, and the fact that he, today, finds himself in America and one of our foremost electricians, is striking evidence of the extraordinary attractiveness alike of electrical pursuits and of the country where electricity enjoys its widest application. Mr. Tesla's native place was Smiljan, Lika, where his father was an eloquent clergyman of the Greek Church, in which, by the way, his family is still prominently represented. His mother enjoyed great fame throughout the countryside for her skill and originality in needlework, and doubtless transmitted her ingenuity to Nikola; though it naturally took another and more masculine direction. The boy was early put to his books, and upon his father's removal to Gospic he spent four years in the public school, and later, three years in the Real School, as it is called. His escapades were such as most quick witted boys go through, although he varied the programme on one occasion by getting imprisoned in a remote mountain chapel rarely visited for service; and on another occasion by falling headlong into a huge kettle of boiling milk, just drawn from the paternal herds. A third curious episode was that connected with his efforts to fly when, attempting to navigate the air with the aid of an old umbrella, he had, as might be expected, a very bad fall, and was laid up for six weeks.. ABOUT AUTHOR: Nikola Tesla (1856 –1943) was a Serbian American inventor, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, physicist, and futurist best known for his contributions to the design of the modern alternating current (AC) electricity supply system. Tesla gained experience in telephony and electrical engineering before emigrating to the United States in 1884 to work for Thomas Edison in New York City. He soon struck out on his own with financial backers, setting up laboratories and companies to develop a range of electrical devices. His patented AC induction motor and transformer were licensed by George Westinghouse, who also hired Tesla for a short time as a consultant. His work in the formative years of electric power development was involved in a corporate alternating current/direct current "War of Currents" as well as various patent battles. Tesla went on to pursue his ideas of wireless lighting and electricity distribution in his high-voltage, high-frequency power experiments in New York and Colorado Springs, and made early (1893) pronouncements on the possibility of wireless communication with his devices. He tried to put these ideas to practical use in an ill-fated attempt at intercontinental wireless transmission, his unfinished Wardenclyffe Tower project. In his lab he also conducted a range of experiments with mechanical oscillators/generators, electrical discharge tubes, and early X-ray imaging. He also built a wireless controlled boat, one of the first ever exhibited. Tesla was renowned for his achievements and showmanship, eventually earning him a reputation in popular culture as an archetypal "mad scientist". His patents earned him a considerable amount of money, much of which was used to finance his own projects with varying degrees of success. He lived most of his life in a series of New York hotels, through his retirement. Tesla died on 7 January 1943. His work fell into relative obscurity after his death, but in 1960 the General Conference on Weights and Measures named the SI unit of magnetic flux density the tesla in his honor. There has been a resurgence in popular interest in Tesla since the 1990s.

Reducerea efectelor adverse ale chimioterapiei i radioterapiei Creterea beneficiilor tratamentelor ntrirea sistemului imunitar Meninerea energiei i a vitalitii STIMULAI-V CAPACITATEA NATURAL DE A LUPTA MPOTRIVA CANCERULUI Dumneavoastr sau cineva apropiat ai fost diagnosticat cu cancer. Dei oncologul v va prescrie un tratament care poate include chimioterapie i radioterapie, trebuie s nelegei c aceste arme puternice au adesea consecine nedorite, chiar periculoase, pentru care, aa cum arat cele mai recente cercetri, avei nevoie de un puternic fundament nutriional ca s le facei fa. O alimentaie corect, cu proporii echilibrate de hran sntoas, vitamine i minerale i suplimente nutriionale, v va oferi, alturi de chimioterapie i radioterapie, o arm extraordinar de puternic n lupta mpotriva bolii. Autorul, medic american respectat i asistent universitar de neurochirurgie, v arat ct de uor v putei fortifica organismul n aceast perioad critic. Vei afla, printre altele: Care dintre alimentele pe care le consumai zilnic au proprieti redutabile de lupt mpotriva cancerului i cum s le pregtii cel mai bine. Ce suplimente v pot spori – sau scdea – ansele de nsntoire. Cum pot crete anumite grsimi i uleiuri capacitatea natural de aprare a organismului. Despre aciunea extraordinar a flavonoidelor, care sporesc eficacitatea chimioterapiei, adugnd un strat protector celulelor sntoase. Cum s facei fa problemelor specifice cu care se confrunt pacienii suferinzi de cancer – oboseala, cderea prului, scderea n greutate, afeciunile digestive i alte efecte secundare.

CANLILIK Nedir? Bilin? nedir? Zamanla ba?lant?l? olduklar?n? g?rebilir miyiz? Duygular?n ne oldu?unu s?yleyebilir miyiz? Beden ve Ruh ayr? m? yan?lg? m?d?r? Beden ve ruh, madde ve enerji gibi midir? Einstein'?n ünlü E=M.C2 formülüyle, madde ve enerjinin temelde ayn? ?eyler oldu?unu ve birbirlerine d?nü?ebildiklerini, maddenin yo?unla?m?? uzay-enerji alan? oldu?unu g?stermi?tir. Madde ile enerji aras?ndaki benzerlik ne i?e, beden ile ruh aras?ndaki benzerlikte ?yle midir? Beden madde ise Ruh enerji midir? Bilin?, duyulardan kayna??n? alan daha üst bir duyu mudur? Hücreler dokular?, dokular organlar?, organlar sistemleri olu?turur dü?üncesinde bilincimizi de g?rebilir miyiz? Haf?zam?zdaki bilgilere istedi?imiz her an neden ula?amay?z? Daha da ?nemlisi, tüm bilincimizi zaman?n ?ok k?sa an?na s??d?rabilir miyiz? Neden?

El origen de las especies (The origin of species, en inglés) o más exactamente El origen de las especies mediante la selección natural o la conservación de las razas favorecidas en la lucha por la vida es un libro escrito por Charles Darwin (1809 -1882), publicado el 24 de noviembre de 1859 (John Murrap, Londres); agotó los 1.250 ejemplares impresos en el primer día. En él, expuso por primera vez sus ideas sobre la selección natural y la teoría de la evolución. Esta obra es un trabajo fundamental dentro de la historia de la ciencia y la biología. En él, Darwin argumenta largamente su teoría sobre cómo los organismos evolucionan gradualmente por medio de la selección natural, presentando evidencias de su teoría acumuladas en su viaje en el HMS Beagle en los a?os 1831-1836. Su teoría se oponía ampliamente a las teorías vigentes en su época, creacionismo y catastrofismo. El libro puede ser leído por no especialistas. Aunque las ideas presentadas constituyen la base de la biología moderna continúan siendo controvertidas para ciertos grupos religiosos quienes se apoyan en una interpretación literal de textos religiosos a favor de explicaciones creacionistas.

Illiberális. Inkorrekt. Igaz. Oriana Fallaci a Harag - trilógia második k?tetében még tovább megy, ítéletet hoz Európa felett, amely véleménye szerint már nem is Európa, hanem Eurábia, az Iszlám egyik gyarmata.

De ce unii oameni au o via?? fericit? ?i plin? de succes, ?n timp ce al?ii se confrunt? ?n mod repetat cu e?ecuri ?i triste?e? De ce unii ??i g?sesc perechea potrivit?, iar al?ii nu au parte dec?t de rela?ii care se sf?r?esc cu o ruptur?? Ce ?i face pe unii s? aib? cariere ?nfloritoare, ?n timp ce al?ii sunt prin?i ca ?ntr-o capcan? ?n joburi pe care le detest?? ?i, mai ales, pot ghinioni?tii s? fac? ceva pentru a-?i spori norocul ?i a-?i ?mbun?t??i via?a?Autorul a c?utat r?spunsul la aceste ?ntreb?ri prin intermediul unor cercet?ri care s au derulat pe o perioad? de mai mul?i ani ?i au cuprins interviuri ?i experimente cu sute de persoane extrem de norocoase sau ghinioniste. Rezultatele ob?inute, prezentate ?n aceast? carte, indic? un mod complet nou de a vedea norocul ?i rolul esen?ial pe care ?l joac? acesta ?n vie?ile noastre. Oamenii nu se nasc noroco?i. F?r? s? ??i dea seama, oamenii noroco?i folosesc patru principii de baz? pentru a aduce norocul ?n via?a lor. Dac? ?n?elege?i principiile, atunci ve?i ?n?elege ?i cum ac?ioneaz? norocul.

Volum coordonat de R?zvan Supuran Antologia de fa?? reune?te texte ap?rute ?n revista Me?eria?ii, publica?ie de circula?ie limitat?, fabricat? pe h?rtie me?te?ugit? ?i tip?rit? manual ?n cadrul Atelierului de Carte de la Muzeul ??ranului Rom?n.

An autobiographical account of his confinement in a mental institution of the time, by Clifford Whittingham Beers.

This highly practical text aims to provide the newly qualified dental nurse with with a basic guide to dental nursing issues. The Dental Nurse Survival Guide adopts the same Q&A format that has proven so successful with the best selling Staff Nurse Survival Guide. Each guide is a collection of all the common situations that a newly qualified practitioner might face. The aim is to produce an answer for each question that could be read in 5 minutes - a pocket-sized handbook containing ideas, principles and guidelines for a number of common and sometimes unexpected situations encountered in the first year of practice. Written by experienced author who wrote The Dental Nurses' Guide to Infection Control and Decontamination.

This text encapsulates not only the origins of nursing in the learning disability field but also contemporary perspectives and areas for specialist nursing practice. The book is divided into four sections: origins, perspectives, practice, and further perspectives. Section one (origins) describes Great Barr Colony and explores the conceptions of practice of actual attendants and nurses who worked there. It gives readers an in-depth focus on aspects of work and practice not accounted for in the literature to date. Section two (perspectives) explores social policy perspectives from the past eras of the workhouse, the colony and the hospital, through to the present age of citizenship. Research in learning disability nursing practice is identifi ed through scoping exercises to identify its current status. The section questions the research and practice developments that have come of age and that constitute a challenge within an evidence-based health and social care world. Section three (practice) identifi es a wide range of specialist areas of nursing practice, including community learning disability nursing, epilepsy, forensics, health facilitation, autism, mental health, challenging behaviour, children s services and working with people with profound and multiple learning disabilities. Section four (further perspectives) addresses areas of contemporary and future concern, namely, educational curricula for nurses and the importance of inter-professional education and practice development.

Pioneering Theories in Nursing traces the origins of nursing theories through their founders. Unlike other nursing theory texts, this book provides the personal story on some of the greatest nursing leaders, clinicians and theorists to date so the reader can understand the context within which the nursing pioneer developed their theory. It will attempt to explain the theories and practice of nursing and provide food for thought for students and practitioners, encouraging reflective thinking. Each section begins with an overview of the chapters and identifies common themes. Designed to be highly user-friendly, each chapter follows a standard structure with a short biography, a summary on their special interests and an outline of their writings before each theory is examined in detail. The chapter then looks at instances of how this theory has been put into practice and what influence this process has had on the wider nursing community. Further links to other theorists are provided as well as key dates in the life of the theorists and a brief profile.

This handy second edition uses the same easy to read question and answer format as the first, containing over 80 questions and answers from 19 different specialists. It is divided into five chapters and covers topics such as:- Dealing with complaints, Mental health, Clinical supervision, Dealing with aggression and bereavement, Central venous pressure monitoring, Mentoring a student

Copernicus, the astronomer, whose discoveries make him the great predecessor of Kepler and Newton, did not come from a noble family, as certain other early astronomers have done, for his father was a tradesman. Chroniclers are, however, careful to tell us that one of his uncles was a bishop. We are not acquainted with any of those details of his childhood or youth which are often of such interest in other cases where men have risen to exalted fame. It would appear that the young Nicolaus, for such was his Christian name, received his education at home until such time as he was deemed sufficiently advanced to be sent to the University at Cracow. The education that he there obtained must have been in those days of a very primitive description, but Copernicus seems to have availed himself of it to the utmost. He devoted himself more particularly to the study of medicine, with the view of adopting its practice as the profession of his life. The tendencies of the future astronomer were, however, revealed in the fact that he worked hard at mathematics, and, like one of his illustrious successors, Galileo, the practice of the art of painting had for him a very great interest, and in it he obtained some measure of success.??By the time he was twenty-seven years old, it would seem that Copernicus had given up the notion of becoming a medical practitioner, and had resolved to devote himself to science. He was engaged in teaching mathematics, and appears to have acquired some reputation. His growing fame attracted the notice of his uncle the bishop, at whose suggestion Copernicus took holy orders, and he was presently appointed to a canonry in the cathedral of Frauenhurg, near the mouth of the Vistula.? To Frauenburg, accordingly, this man of varied gifts retired. Possessing somewhat of the ascetic spirit, he resolved to devote his life to work of the most serious description. He eschewed all ordinary society, restricting his intimacies to very grave and learned companions, and refusing to engage in conversation of any useless kind. It would seem as if his gifts for painting were condemned as frivolous; at all events, we do not learn that he continued to practise them. In addition to the discharge of his theological duties, his life was occupied partly in ministering medically to the wants of the poor, and partly with his researches in astronomy and mathematics. His equipment in the matter of instruments for the study of the heavens seems to have been of a very meagre description. He arranged apertures in the walls of his house at Allenstein, so that he could observe in some fashion the passage of the stars across the meridian. That he possessed some talent for practical mechanics is proved by his construction of a contrivance for raising water from a stream, for the use of the inhabitants of Frauenburg. Relics of this machine are still to be Been.??The intellectual slumber of the Middle Ages was destined to be awakened by the revolutionary doctrines of Copernicus. It may be noted, as an interesting circumstance, that the time at which he discovered the scheme of the solar system has coincided with a remarkable epoch in the world's history. The great astronomer had just reached manhood at the time when Columbus discovered the new world.??Before the publication of the researches of Copernicus, the orthodox scientific creed averred that the earth was stationary, and that the apparent movements of the heavenly bodies were indeed real movements. Ptolemy had laid down this doctrine 1,400 years before. In his theory this huge error was associated with so much important truth, and the whole presented such a coherent scheme for the explanation of the heavenly movements, that the Ptolemaic theory was not seriously questioned until the great work of Copernicus appeared. No doubt others, before Copernicus, had from time to time in some vague fashion surmised, with more or less plausibility, that the sun..

A ciência e a tecnologia na contemporaneidade condicionam a organiza??o social e as formas existentes e emergentes de desigualdade e exclus?o tanto em cada sociedade como entre sociedades e regi?es do mundo. Os contextos de acesso e apropria??o do conhecimento científico e tecnológico s?o diversificados, como diferenciados s?o os públicos que se constituem em rela??o com esses contextos e modos de acesso e de apropria??o. Os textos desta colet?nea problematizam sob diferentes aspectos as quest?es críticas para a compreens?o e aplica??o do conceito de apropria??o social do conhecimento científico e tecnológico.

This book is a practical resource to help leaders manage, resolve cnflicts and reconcile the parties involved. Essential skills to accomplish this goal are embedded in discussion of major concepts and descriptions of real life situations.

FROM the eastern gate of Mardin the road decants itself plainwards in a skein of curves and zigzags—a vertical descent of 2000 feet, spinning out its gradients to a length of five or six miles. It is not at all a bad road. One could easily bicycle down it—and perhaps even bicycle up it if in specially strenuous mood. But it is, as it were, the swan-song of the modern Ottoman Telfords, and as soon as it reaches the level it reverts into a sheaf of footpaths. Henceforth to the end of our journey we saw no more metalled roads.We had now, too, a further reminder of the fact that we were quitting civilization, for a couple of zaptiehs rode with us to escort us over the stage to Nisibin. Hitherto such protection had been deemed needless: but in these remoter districts the Government prefers to have some tangible assurance of a European traveller’s safety, seeing that it is liable to be held responsible if he is unfortunate enough to come to grief. Thus that modest intruder finds himself passed on from city to city with all the pomp and circumstance of an armed cavalry escort; and afflicted at every stage with the consciousness that he is passing current at a face value vastly in excess of his intrinsic worth. The zaptiehs are a sort of military police, analogous to the Spanish Civil Guard or the Royal Irish Constabulary; though we fear that these two corps d’elite would not be likely to feel gratified at a suggestion that such deplorable ragamuffins should “march through Coventry” with them. Personally, for the most part, they are good-humoured and obliging fellows; accepting rough weather and hard lodging with the utmost philosophy. Also they rather welcome the chance of a little escort duty. It is a pleasant change from the monotony of garrison life; and there is a tip to look forward to finally, though this must be “under the rose.” “You have not mentioned that you’ve given us a present?” said one of our fellows with engaging na?veté when we asked him to carry back a letter—“Because it isn’t allowed!” But though Western civilization extends thus far no longer, there is not wanting tangible evidence to prove that it was here long ago. In the midst of one of the first plain villages there rises, like a lofty aiguille, the angle of a Roman watch tower. It seems impossible that such a slender fragment should be able to withstand wind and weather much longer; but hitherto the huge square blocks have stood firm though all support has fallen away. A Roman church (or more probably a Roman house converted into a church) stands in another village; and at the end of a short day’s journey we turned aside to visit some yet more striking remains. The mountains at this point ravel out on to the plain in a line of gently sloping spurs, and from between two of these issues a broad and shallow but never-failing stream. The spurs immediately westward of it are conspicuously gashed across with wide deep transverse trenches; and as we draw nearer we perceive that the ridge on each side of the river is crested with a ruined rampart, and that the hollow enclosed between them is a regular sugar bowl of huge disjointed stones. Here and there out of the chaos rises the fragment of a mighty tower or a massive skeleton archway, and presently we can descry a few wretched Kurdish hovels half hidden among the débris of the great devastated city.

AMONG the ranks of the great astronomers it would be difficult to find one whose life presents more interesting features and remarkable vicissitudes than does that of Galileo. We may consider him as the patient investigator and brilliant discoverer. We may consider him in his private relations, especially to his daughter, Sister Maria Celeste, a woman of very remarkable character ; and we have also the pathetic drama at the close of Galileo's life, when the philosopher drew down upon himself the thunders of the Inquisition. The materials for the sketch of this astonishing man are sufficiently abundant. We make special use in this place of those charming letters which his daughter wrote to him from her convent home. More than a hundred of these have been preserved, and it may well be doubted whether any more beautiful and touching series of letters addressed to a parent by a dearly loved child have ever been written. An admirable account of this correspondence is contained in a little book entitled "The Private Life of Galileo," published anonymously by Messrs. Macmillan in 1870, and I have been much indebted to the author of that volume for many of the facts contained in this chapter. Galileo was born at Pisa, on 18th February, 1564. He was the eldest son of Vincenzo de Bonajuti de Galilei, a Florentine noble. Notwithstanding his illustrious birth and descent, it would seem that the home in which the great philosopher's childhood was spent was an impoverished one. It was obvious at least that the young Galileo would have to be provided with some profession by which he might earn a livelihood. From his father he derived both by inheritance and by precept a keen taste for music, and it appears that he became an excellent performer on the lute. He was also endowed with considerable artistic power, which he cultivated diligently. Indeed, it would seem that for some time the future astronomer entertained the idea of devoting himself to painting as a profession. His father, however, decided that he should study medicine. Accordingly, we find that when Galileo was seventeen years of age, and had added a knowledge of Greek and Latin to his acquaintance with the fine arts, he was duly entered at the University of Pisa. AMONG the ranks of the great astronomers it would be difficult to find one whose life presents more interesting features and remarkable vicissitudes than does that of Galileo. We may consider him as the patient investigator and brilliant discoverer. We may consider him in his private relations, especially to his daughter, Sister Maria Celeste, a woman of very remarkable character ; and we have also the pathetic drama at the close of Galileo's life, when the philosopher drew down upon himself the thunders of the Inquisition. The materials for the sketch of this astonishing man are sufficiently abundant. We make special use in this place of those charming letters which his daughter wrote to him from her convent home. More than a hundred of these have been preserved, and it may well be doubted whether any more beautiful and touching series of letters addressed to a parent by a dearly loved child have ever been written. An admirable account of this correspondence is contained in a little book entitled "The Private Life of Galileo," published anonymously by Messrs. Macmillan in 1870, and I have been much indebted to the author of that volume for many of the facts contained in this chapter.