Cum s? ??i ?mbun?t??e?ti g?ndirea ?i via?a Terapia Cognitiv Comportamental? (TCC) ??i ofer? cele mai eficiente instrumente pentru a ?n?elege mecanismele g?ndirii ?i pentru a ?nv??a cum s? le controlezi. Tr?ie?ti cu convingerea c? via?a ta depinde de ceea ce ?i s-a ?nt?mplat ?n copil?rie sau de hot?r?rile pe care le-au luat al?ii ?n numele t?u? E?ti sigur c? nu po?i s? scapi de temeri, de frustr?ri, de fobii, de impulsivitate? Ascult? vocea ra?iunii tale, aceea care te ajut? s? despar?i g?ndurile de sentimente. ?ncearc? s? ?n?elegi emo?iile care te for?eaz? s? ac?ionezi ?ntr-o anumit? direc?ie. Schimb?-?i comportamentul prin terapie ?i ??i vei ?mbun?t??i ?ntreaga via??! P?n? acum c??iva ani, terapia era asociat? de obicei cu canapele ?i lacrimi, cu t?ceri meditative, cu dezgroparea dureroas? a amintirilor din copil?rie ?i a fanteziilor ascunse. Aceste prejudec??i au ajuns ?ns? la un sf?r?it odat? cu apari?ia terapiei cognitiv-comportamentale, noua tehnic? terapeutic? prin conversa?ie c?reia psihoterapeutul Stephen Briers ?i dedic? cartea de fa??. Cu ajutorul acestui instrument pre?ios, ??i vei con?tientiza problemele ?i vei reu?i, pas cu pas, s? le elimini din via?a ta. Cartea cuprinde: - 11 capitole care te introduc at?t ?n teoria, c?t ?i ?n practica TCC - Liste de referin?e, lecturi ?i site-uri pentru aprofundarea cunoa?terii - 4 anexe utile pentru aplicarea informa?iilor din carte ?n cadrul fiec?rui capitol sunt incluse casetele ?Brilliant“ cu exemple, observa?ii, sfaturi.

THE MAN WHO "THOUGHT" HIS WAY INTO PARTNERSHIP WITH THOMAS A. EDISON ??TRULY, "thoughts are things," and powerful things at that, when they are mixed with de?niteness of purpose, persistence, and a BURNING DESIRE for their translation into riches, or other material objects. ??A little more than thirty years ago, Edwin C. Barnes discovered how true it is that men really do THINK AND GROW RICH. His discovery did not come about at one sitting. It came little by little, beginning with a BURNING DESIRE to become a business associate of the great Edison. ??Somewhere, as you read, the secret to which I refer will jump from the page and stand boldly before you, IF YOU ARE READY FOR IT! When it appears, you will recognize it. Whether you receive the sign in the ?rst or the last chapter, stop for a moment when it presents itself, and turn down a glass, for that occasion will mark the most important turning-point of your life. ??Remember, too, as you go through the book, that it deals with facts and not with ?ction, its purpose being to convey a great universal truth through which all who are READY may learn, not only WHAT TO DO, BUT ALSO HOW TO DO IT! and receive, as well, THE NEEDED STIMULUS TO MAKE A START. ??IN EVERY chapter of this book, mention has been made of the money-making secret which has made fortunes for more than ?ve hundred exceedingly wealthy men whom I have carefully analyzed over a long period of years. ??The secret was brought to my attention by Andrew Carnegie, more than a quarter of a century ago. The canny, lovable old Scotsman carelessly tossed it into my mind, when I was but a boy. Then he sat back in his chair, with a merry twinkle in his eyes, and watched carefully to see if I had brains enough to understand the full signi?cance of what he had said to me. ??When he saw that I had grasped the idea, he asked if I would be willing to spend twenty years or more, preparing myself to take it to the world, to men and women who, without the secret, might go through life as failures. I said I would, and with Mr. Carnegie’s cooperation, I have kept my promise. ??This book contains the secret, after having been put to a practical test by thou-sands of people, in almost every walk of life. It was Mr. Carnegie’s idea that the magic formula, which gave him a stupendous fortune, ought to be placed within reach of people who do not have time to investigate how men make money, and it was his hope that I might test and demonstrate the soundness of the formula through the experience of men and women in every calling.

Как удачно выйти замуж - этот вопрос волнует огромное количество молодых девушек и женщин. Найти свою половинку мечтают все. Но, к сожалению, далеко не всем выпадает счастливое замужество. В этой книге я рассказываю о моем пути изменений, которые привели к позитивным событиям в моей личной жизни. Я вышла замуж за один месяц после знакомства. Знаю, что девушкам будет полезна эта информация, так как я посещала различные тренинги по личному развитию и женственности. Именно поэтому я и решила поделиться с читательницами моим опытом. Мы должны научиться сначала любить и заботится о себе, прежде чем будем принимать и дарить свою любовь другим людям. Сейчас, я могу ответить на вопрос о замужестве: Я вышла замуж, чтобы улучшить свое качество жизни и подарить счастье мужчине. Счастье - это внутреннее состояние. Его можно развивать. Но чтобы достичь его, необходимо постоянное саморазвитие, которое заключается прежде всего в действии! Я выделяю 4 этапа на пути к счастью: Благодарность Прощение своих родителей Женственность Изменение своих жизненных стандартов Единственное счастье в жизни – это постоянное стремление вперед. То, что вы думаете о себе и о своей жизни, определяет почти все то, что происходит с вами. Ваша первичная обязанность - взять свое мышление под полный контроль и четко направлять свои слова и мысли на то, чего вы действительно хотите. Одновременно, вам нужно отказаться думать о тех вещах, которых вы не хотите. Эта простая формула - настоящий ключ к здоровью, счастью и личному процветанию. И тогда в вашей жизни очень скоро появится тот, на чье плечо вы сможете склонить голову, точно зная, что в ответ получите ту нежность и заботу, которую вы несомненно заслуживаете. Об авторе Родилась в городе Харькове на Украине. Закончила Национальную Юридическую Академию Украины имени Ярослава Мудрого по специальности Правоведение с красным дипломом. Написала 5 научных статей при кафедре финансового права Национальной Юридической Академии Украины имени Ярослава Мудрого. Занятие юридической наукой имело значительное влияние на мою литературную деятельность и обогатилo меня истинными знаниями, которые являлись направляющими в жизни. Успешно сделала карьеру – начальник юридического отдела в налоговой инспекции. Счастлива в браке. * * *

Serie v?ndut? ?n peste 60 de milioane de exemplare. Con?ine ?apte capitole cu sfaturi practice, dovedite, de la profesioni?ti de top. Po?i ?nv??a ?ntr-o s?pt?m?n? tot ce ?nva?? exper?ii ?ntr-o via?? Duminic?: ?n?elege cei trei st?lpi ai rela?iilor interpersonale, cu referire la pozitivitate, recuno?tin?? ?i valoare de sine Luni: ?nva?? despre ?g?ndirea limitativ?” ?i despre puterea oamenilor de a se schimba Mar?i: Cre?te respectul ?i ?ncrederea ?n sine, dar ?i ?n al?ii Miercuri: ?nva?? procesul ?n trei pa?i de cre?tere a performan?ei, de ?ncurajare a loialit??ii ?i de subliniere a laturii pozitive Joi: Aplic? ?metoda delfinului” pentru a cre?te performan?ele Vineri: Examineaz? cauzele-cheie ale procrastin?rii ?i ?nva?? cum s? le dep??e?ti S?mb?t?: Dep??e?te motivele pentru care e?ti distras pentru a cre?te succesul.

Unul din patru rom?ni sufer? la un moment dat de anxietate, aceasta fiind, de altfel, cea mai frecvent? dintre tulbur?rile psihice din ?ara noastr?. Pentru cei care se confrunt? cu stresul crescut, cu ?ngrijoarea, frica sau panica, autorul ofer? o serie de sugestii pentru de a ?ine sub control anxietatea, chiar ?i f?r? ajutorul medica?iei sau psihoterapiei. Dup? ce discut? despre tiparele mentale care exacerbeaz? temerile (g?ndirea ?n "alb-sau-negru", "catastrofizarea" etc.) ?i despre simptomele somatice ale panicii, autorul propune un larg evantai de tehnici pentru gestionarea anxiet??ii: de la contestarea g?ndurile ira?ionale la medita?ia de tip "minfulness", de la modificarea rutinelor cotidiene de somn ?i alimenta?ie, la exerci?iile fizice ?i de relaxare (imagerie), de la reorganizarea mediului la expunerea treptat? la evenimentele ?nfrico??toare. Cartea se adreseaz? publicului larg, dar e un instrument util ?i pentru psihiatri, psihologi clinicieni ?i psihoterapeu?i.

Iubim, ur?m, invidiem, ne dorim ?i sper?m... ne construim scenarii ?n care credem ?i pe care le perpetu?m, ?n care ?i angren?m pe ceilal?i, atribuindu-le roluri mai mult sau mai pu?in importante. Ne l?s?m, la r?ndul nostru, sedu?i ?n pove?tile altora. S? fie acestea "deliruri", ?es?turi psihice, care printr-o analiz? minu?ioas? se pot destr?ma? Atunci, ce se afl? la baza lor ?i cum ni le putem asuma, pentru a ?ntrez?ri ?i, ?n cele din urm?, a locui realitatea obiectiv??Purt?nd cititorul prin lumea interioar? a personajelor unor autori precum Shakespeare, Samuel Butler sau Dickens, c?t ?i prin aceea a propriilor pacien?i, Shengold ilustreaz? felul ?n care aceste deliruri iau na?tere ?n copil?ria timpurie, se men?in s?r?cindu-ne ?i rigidiz?ndu-ne via?a ?i pot fi estompate printr-o maturizare real?, adesea rod al travaliului psihanalitic.

Cum definim ?i cum trat?m tulburarea de reglare emo?ional? Emo?iile sunt o parte important? a vie?ii noastre, afect?ndu-ne major ac?iunile, de?i nu ?ntotdeauna suntem con?tien?i de prezen?a lor. Abilitatea de a ?n?elege ?i balansa emo?iile se nume?te reglare emo?ional? sau control emo?ional. De ce este important? reglarea emo?ional?? Pentru c? reprezint? un element esen?ial pe care se sprijin? civiliza?ia uman?. Interac?iunile dintre oameni depind de modul ?n care sim?im ?i ne exprim?m emo?iile. Conceptul de ?tulburare de reglare emo?ional?“ intervine atunci c?nd apar probleme ?n privin?a controlului emo?iilor. De cele mai multe ori, o persoan? care are astfel de probleme ??i va descrie st?rile aleg?nd etichete precum depresiv, anxios, nervos, sup?rat, agitat. Mult mai rar va apela la nararea autentic? a tr?irilor personale, declar?nd c? este instabil, impulsiv, emo?ional, necontrolat, incapabil de a se calma, u?or de frustrat etc. Cartea lui Radu Vrasti prezint? ?ntr-o form? succint? problema tulbur?rii de reglare emo?ional?, a?a cum se prezint? din perspectiva medicinei ?i a psihologiei clinice. ?n plus, aduce informa?ii de ultim? or? despre cum trebuie ?n?eleas?, definit?, diagnosticat? ?i ?tratat?“ at?t medicamentos c?t ?i psihoterapeutic.

De?i ?n ultimele zeci de ani progresul tehnologiei a devenit tot mai rapid, modific?nd condi?iile de via?? nu numai de la o genera?ie la alta, ci chiar ?n cadrul aceleia?i genera?ii, rela?iile dintre oameni au continuat s? se conduc? dup? acelea?i reguli vechi de secole. Avem a?tept?ri de la noi ?n?ine ?i de la ceilal?i bazate pe acelea?i principii de via?? vetuste, iar c?nd suntem dezam?gi?i arunc?m vina ?ntr-o parte ?i-n alta, inclusiv asupra propriei persoane, f?r? s? observ?m c? ?ncerc?m, de fapt, s? ?mbr?c?m un adult cu hainele unui copil. Ce face Meg Barker ?n aceast? carte remarcabil de atractiv scris? este s? pun? sub semnul ?ntreb?rii regulile actuale din cadrul rela?iilor intime ?i de prietenie. Ea ne propune s? reflect?m asupra lor ?i s? ?n?elegem de ce nu mai pot func?iona, suger?ndu-ne rescrierea lor ?ntr-o manier? flexibil?, adaptat? fiec?ruia ?n parte. Este o carte ce deschide perspective, oferind argumente pro ?i contra bazate pe cercetare, f?r? s? impun?, f?r? s? fac? judec??i de valoare. ? Rescrierea regulilor este un ghid prietenos ce ne poart? printre complicatele – ?i, adesea, contradictoriile – reguli ale iubirii: sunt oferite sfaturi cu privire la atrac?ie ?i sex, monogamie ?i conflict, identitate de gen ?i angajament. Aceast? carte trece ?n revist? modul ?n care regulile sunt ?rescrise“ ?n diferite feluri, d?ndu-i cititorului puterea s? g?seasc? abordarea care se potrive?te cel mai bine cu situa?ia lui. – Meg Barker ? “Tr?im ?ntr-o perioad? de mare incertitudine ?n ceea ce prive?te rela?iile. C?ut?m Alesul, dar ne trezim c? r?m?nem singuri pentru c? nimeni nu se ridic? la nivelul a?tept?rilor. T?njim dup? un final fericit, dar o desp?r?ire dup? alta ne las? r?ni?i ?i confuzi. G?sim un partener, dar realitatea rela?iilor noastre nu este cea la care ne a?teptam ?i devine greu s? p?str?m echilibrul ?ntre acestea ?i toate celelalte lucruri pe care le vrem de la via??. C?s?toria se dovede?te a fi o industrie ?rezistent? la recesiun“ ?i, ?n acela?i timp, rata divor?urilor ?i a desp?r?irilor se ridic? la cele mai ?nalte cote.“ – Meg Barker

Ce livre retrace mes expériences spirites, vécues depuis 2011 et offre de magnifiques messages de nos guides spirituels. Sans être une méthode, ni un enseignement, il invite à l'écoute de leur guidance et tente de démystifier le spiritisme, loin des clichés et dogmes traditionnels. "Un espoir pour les personnes en recherche spirituelle et dans la souffrance du deuil." Les messages ont été obtenus lors de séances de spiritisme (ouija et channeling) à 4, en compagnie d'une médium ou seul par écriture automatique ou inspirée. Je suis convaincu que le spiritisme est accessible à tous, à condition de se laisser guider par l'amour et le respect et d'observer certaines règles. Attention, ce n’est pas un jeu, mais il et bien moins dangereux que la majorité des activités humaines, contrairement aux idées re?ues, véhiculées par la peur, l'ignorance ou le désir de pouvoir. Nos guides spirituels sont toujours avec nous, près de nous. Ils sont toujours heureux de communiquer avec nous. Ils nous aiment sans jamais nous juger. Ils nous accompagnent, ils nous aident et ils nous le font savoir, pour peu que nous apprenions leur langage, celui du c?ur.

In the second English edition of her popular annual horoscope series, leading Russian astrologer Tatiana Borsch shares with you her forecasts on major everyday issues; career and business, finances, family and romantic relationships and health. In her look ahead to 2020, Borsch includes a general forecast for each sign of the Zodiac and a detailed monthly forecast that helps you to recognize auspicious occasions, to seize good luck, to avoid trouble and resolve conflicts, to organize personal affairs and to achieve professional success. Also included is a Zodiac compatibility guide to help you with relationships that are happy and not so happy. This complete 2020 Horoscope features guidance from the astrologer and gives you an insight into what lies in store for you in the turbulent year of the metal rat. ABOUT THE AUTHORTatiana Borsch is a well-known Russian astrologer and the author of twenty-eight astrological almanacs and horoscopes. She has prepared a general forecast for each sign of the Zodiac every year since1992. She currently lives and works in Moscow where she writes astrological columns for popular Russian publications and is the founder and director of the AstraArt television company.

In the Complete Horoscope: CANCER 2020, leading astrologer Tatiana Borsch shares with you her forecasts on major everyday issues; career and business, finances, family and romantic relationships and health. In her look ahead to 2020 for Cancer, Borsch includes a general annual forecast for Cancer and a detailed monthly forecast that helps you to recognize auspicious occasions, to seize good luck, to avoid trouble and resolve conflicts, to organize personal affairs and to achieve professional success. Also included is a Zodiac compatibility guide to help you with relationships that are happy and not so happy. This Complete Horoscope: CANCER 2020 features guidance from the astrologer and gives you an insight into what lies in store for you in the turbulent year of the metal rat. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Tatiana Borsch is a well-known Russian astrologer and the author of twenty-eight astrological almanacs and horoscopes. She has prepared a general forecast for each sign of the Zodiac every year since1992. She currently lives and works in Moscow where she writes astrological columns for popular Russian publications and is the founder and director of the AstraArt television company.

The Little Book of Light Codes contains a series of 52 symbols which are channeled, healing Codes of Light from the Universe, designed to help human beings along on our unique and individual paths. Through the visual assistance of the symbols, your journey to peace and happiness is brought forth in a unique way. These symbols have been developed and given to us at this time to assist in releasing our pain and suffering, while bringing more Love, abundance, and harmony into our Hearts and lives.? With the assistance of Lady Isis and Jeshua, the symbols in The Little Book of Light Codes offer access to gentle and powerful energies which can inspire healings on all levels of the mental, emotional, physical, and spiritual planes. These channeled symbols are designed to repair DNA, and to offer personal upgrades and activations to the reader as is appropriate for them. The reader is invited to work their way through the book, and open to all the potential healings and wisdoms provided by the Light Codes. Simple exercises and meditations are included, to assist you in utilizing the symbols most effectively, while you step further into your Love and Light. Each symbol will resonate with a difficult issue in your life at any given moment. You may find yourself drawn to a particular symbol one day, and feel resistance toward it the next, depending upon what energies, stressors, or triggers you are working with in your life. As you work with the messages, wisdom, and frequencies expressed by each symbol, your process with The Little Book of Light Codes will be as personalized and as healing as you choose. The energy frequency each symbol emits and the information each offers are infinite. Simply by looking at a symbol, you will gain the information your soul is seeking in order to perfect itself and reflect Divine Love.? As you move through this book, you may experience release, change, and even total transformation in your physical, mental, emotional, or spiritual bodies. Just flow with it! Follow your inner guidance and intuition, and trust the unfolding. The time has come to take back your personal power with the strength and Love you hold within your Heart. Humanity is at a crossroads: heal and ascend, or continue walking through darkness. The Little Book of Light Codes is here to help humanity find Light, find Love, and find the joy and freedom that is our birthright. Everyone has the ability to live the life they choose—but it is up to the individual to make the conscious choice to heal that which no longer serves them in creating the abundant life of their dreams. Everything is possible, and The Little Book of Light Codes can provide a method of re-discovering that which is already known, but that has been temporarily forgotten. May these symbols remind you of the innate and infinite Love, Wisdom, and Light that you hold within yourself.

The Victorian period in Britain was an "age of reform." It is therefore not surprising that two of the era's most eminent intellects described themselves as reformers. Both William Whewell and John Stuart Mill believed that by reforming philosophy-including the philosophy of science-they could effect social and political change. But their divergent visions of this societal transformation led to a sustained and spirited controversy that covered morality, politics, science, and economics. Situating their debate within the larger context of Victorian society and its concerns, Reforming Philosophy shows how two very different men captured the intellectual spirit of the day and engaged the attention of other scientists and philosophers, including the young Charles Darwin. Mill-philosopher, political economist, and Parliamentarian-remains a canonical author of Anglo-American philosophy, while Whewell-Anglican cleric, scientist, and educator-is now often overlooked, though in his day he was renowned as an authority on science. Placing their teachings in their proper intellectual, cultural, and argumentative spheres, Laura Snyder revises the standard views of these two important Victorian figures, showing that both men's concerns remain relevant today. A philosophically and historically sensitive account of the engagement of the major protagonists of Victorian British philosophy, Reforming Philosophy is the first book-length examination of the dispute between Mill and Whewell in its entirety. A rich and nuanced understanding of the intellectual spirit of Victorian Britain, it will be welcomed by philosophers and historians of science, scholars of Victorian studies, and students of the history of philosophy and political economy.

When middle-class residents fled American cities in the 1960s and 1970s, government services and investment capital left too. Countless urban neighborhoods thus entered phases of precipitous decline, prompting the creation of community-based organizations that sought to bring direly needed resources back to the inner city. Today there are tens of thousands of these CBOs-private nonprofit groups that work diligently within tight budgets to give assistance and opportunity to our most vulnerable citizens by providing services such as housing, child care, and legal aid.Through ethnographic fieldwork at eight CBOs in the Brooklyn neighborhoods of Williamsburg and Bushwick, Nicole P. Marwell discovered that the complex and contentious relationships these groups form with larger economic and political institutions outside the neighborhood have a huge and unexamined impact on the lives of the poor. Most studies of urban poverty focus on individuals or families, but Bargaining for Brooklyn widens the lens, examining the organizations whose actions and decisions collectively drive urban life.

Paul Scheerbart (1863-1915) was a visionary German novelist, theorist, poet, and artist who made a lasting impression on such icons of modernism as Walter Benjamin, Bruno Taut, and Walter Gropius. Fascinated with the potential of glass architecture, Scheerbart's satirical fantasies envisioned an electrified future, a world composed entirely of crystalline, colored glass.In 1912, Scheerbart published The Light Club of Batavia, a Novelle about the formation of a club dedicated to building a spa for bathing-not in water, but in light-at the bottom of an abandoned mineshaft. Translated here into English for the first time, this rare story serves as a point of departure for Josiah McElheny, who, with an esteemed group of collaborators, offers a fascinating array of responses to this enigmatic work.The Light Club makes clear that the themes of utopian hope, desire, and madness in Scheerbart's tale represent a part of modernism's lost project: a world based on political and spiritual ideals rather than efficiency and logic. In his compelling introduction, McElheny describes Scheerbart's life as well as his own enchantment with the writer, and he explains the ways in which The Light Club of Batavia inspired him to produce art of uncommon breadth. The Light Club also features inspired writings from Gregg Bordowitz and Ulrike Mller, Andrea Geyer, and Branden W. Joseph, as well as translations of original texts by and about Scheerbart. A unique response by one visionary artist to another, The Light Club is an unforgettable examination of what it might mean to see radical potential in absolute illumination.

In Jennifer Summit's account, libraries are more than inert storehouses of written tradition; they are volatile spaces that actively shape the meanings and uses of books, reading, and the past. Considering the two-hundred-year period between 1431, which saw the foundation of Duke Humfrey's famous library, and 1631, when the great antiquarian Sir Robert Cotton died, Memory's Library revises the history of the modern library by focusing on its origins in medieval and early modern England.Summit argues that the medieval sources that survive in English collections are the product of a Reformation and post-Reformation struggle to redefine the past by redefining the cultural place, function, and identity of libraries. By establishing the intellectual dynamism of English libraries during this crucial period of their development, Memory's Library demonstrates how much current discussions about the future of libraries can gain by reexamining their past.

In 1815, Goethe gave symbolic expression to his intense relationship with Marianne Willemer, a recently married woman thirty-five years his junior. He gave her a leaf from the ginkgo tree, explaining that, like its deeply cleft yet still whole leaf, he was "single yet twofold." Although it is not known if their relationship was ever consummated, they did exchange love poetry, and Goethe published several of Marianne's poems in his West-East Divan without crediting her authorship.In this beautiful little book, renowned Goethe scholar Siegfried Unseld considers what this episode means to our estimation of a writer many consider nearly godlike in stature. Unseld begins by exploring the botanical and medical lore of the ginkgo, including the use of its nut as an aphrodisiac and anti-aging serum. He then delves into Goethe's writings for the light they shed on his relationship with Marianne. Unseld reveals Goethe as a great yet human being, subject, as any other man, to the vagaries of passion.

The reach of the Catholic Church is arguably greater than that of any other religion, extending across diverse political, ethnic, class, and cultural boundaries. But what is it about Catholicism that resonates so profoundly with followers who live under disparate conditionsWhat is it, for instance, that binds parishioners in America with those in MexicoFor Joseph M. Palacios, what unites Catholics is a sense of being Catholic-a social imagination that motivates them to promote justice and build a better world.In The Catholic Social Imagination, Palacios gives readers a feeling for what it means to be Catholic and put one's faith into action. Tracing the practices of a group of parishioners in Oakland, California, and another in Guadalajara, Mexico, Palacios reveals parallels-and contrasts-in the ways these ordinary Catholics receive and act on a church doctrine that emphasizes social justice. Whether they are building a supermarket for the low-income elderly or waging protests to promote school reform, these parishioners provide important insights into the construction of the Catholic social imagination. Throughout, Palacios also offers important new cultural and sociological interpretations of Catholic doctrine on issues such as poverty, civil and human rights, political participation, and the natural law.

H. Jefferson Powell offers a powerful new approach to one of the central issues in American constitutional thinking today: the problem of constitutional law's historicity, or the many ways in which constitutional arguments and outcomes are shaped both by historical circumstances and by the political goals and commitments of various actors, including judges. The presence of such influences is often considered highly problematic: if constitutional law is political and historical through and through, then what differentiates it from politics per se, and what gives it integrity and coherencePowell argues that constitutional theory has as its (sometimes hidden) agenda the ambition of showing how constitutional law can escape from history and politics, while much constitutional history seeks to identify an historically true meaning of the constitutional text that, once uncovered, can serve as a corrective to subsequent deviations from that truth.Combining history and theory, Powell analyzes a series of constitutional controversies from 1790 to 1944 to demonstrate that constitutional law from its very beginning has involved politically charged and ideologically divisive arguments. Nowhere in our past can one find the golden age of apolitical constitutional thinking that a great deal of contemporary scholarship seeks or presupposes. Viewed over time, American constitutional law is a history of political dispute couched in constitutional terms.Powell then takes his conclusions one step further, claiming that it is precisely this historical tradition of argument that has given American constitutional law a remarkable coherence and integrity over time. No matter what the particular political disputes of the day might be, constitutional argument has provided a shared language through which our political community has been able to fight out its battles without ultimately fracturing.A Community Built on Words will be must reading for any student of constitutional history, theory, or law.

Over the past two decades, the United States has seen a dramatic increase in the number and magnitude of punitive damages verdicts rendered by juries in civil trials. Probably the most extraordinary example is the July 2000 award of $144.8 billion in the Florida class action lawsuit brought against cigarette manufacturers. Or consider two recent verdicts against the auto manufacturer BMW in Alabama. In identical cases, argued in the same court before the same judge, one jury awarded $4 million in punitive damages, while the other awarded no punitive damages at all. In cases involving accidents, civil rights, and the environment, multimillion-dollar punitive awards have been a subject of intense controversy.But how do juries actually make decisions about punitive damagesTo find out, the authors-experts in psychology, economics, and the law-present the results of controlled experiments with more than 600 mock juries involving the responses of more than 8,000 jury-eligible citizens. Although juries tended to agree in their moral judgments about the defendant's conduct, they rendered erratic and unpredictable dollar awards. The experiments also showed that instead of moderating juror verdicts, the process of jury deliberation produced a striking "severity shift" toward ever-higher awards. Jurors also tended to ignore instructions from the judges; were influenced by whatever amount the plaintiff happened to request; showed "hindsight bias," believing that what happened should have been foreseen; and penalized corporations that had based their decisions on careful cost-benefit analyses. While judges made many of the same errors, they performed better in some areas, suggesting that judges (or other specialists) may be better equipped than juries to decide punitive damages.Using a wealth of new experimental data, and offering a host of provocative findings, this book documents a wide range of systematic biases in jury behavior. It will be indispensable for anyone interested not only in punitive damages, but also jury behavior, psychology, and how people think about punishment.

For much of the twentieth century, Americans had a love/hate relationship with France. While many admired its beauty, culture, refinement, and famed joie de vivre, others thought of it as a dilapidated country populated by foul-smelling, mean-spirited anti-Americans driven by a keen desire to part tourists from their money. We'll Always Have Paris explores how both images came to flourish in the United States, often in the minds of the same people.Harvey Levenstein takes us back to the 1930s, when, despite the Great Depression, France continued to be the stomping ground of the social elite of the eastern seaboard. After World War II, wealthy and famous Americans returned to the country in droves, helping to revive its old image as a wellspring of sophisticated and sybaritic pleasures. At the same time, though, thanks in large part to Communist and Gaullist campaigns against U.S. power, a growing sensitivity to French anti-Americanism began to color tourists' experiences there, strengthening the negative images of the French that were already embedded in American culture. But as the century drew on, the traditional positive images were revived, as many Americans again developed an appreciation for France's cuisine, art, and urban and rustic charms.Levenstein, in his colorful, anecdotal style, digs into personal correspondence, journalism, and popular culture to shape a story of one nation's relationship to another, giving vivid play to Americans' changing response to such things as France's reputation for sexual freedom, haute cuisine, high fashion, and racial tolerance. He puts this tumultuous coupling of France and the United States in historical perspective, arguing that while some in Congress say we may no longer have french fries, others, like Humphrey Bogart in Casablanca, know they will always have Paris, and France, to enjoy and remember.