Ralph Waldo Emerson, was born at Boston in 1803 into a distinguished family of New England Unitarian ministers. His was the eighth generation to enter the ministry in a dynasty that reached back to the earliest days of Puritan America. Despite the death of his father when Emerson was only eleven, he was able to be educated at Boston Latin School and then Harvard, from which he graduated in 1821. After several years of reluctant school teaching, he returned to the Harvard Divinity School, entering the Unitarian ministry during a period of robust ecclesiastic debate. By 1829 Emerson was married and well on his way to a promising career in the church through his appointment to an important congregation in Boston. However, his career in the ministry did not last long. Following the death of his first wife, Ellen, his private religious doubts led him to announce his resignation to his congregation, claiming he was unable to preach a doctrine he no longer believed and that "to be a good minister it was necessary to leave the ministry."With the modest legacy left him from his first wife, Emerson was able to devote himself to study and travel. In Europe he met many of the important Romantic writers whose ideas on art, philosophy, and literature were transforming the writing of the Nineteenth Century. He also continued to explore his own ideas in a series of voluminous journals which he had kept from his earliest youth and from which virtually all of his literary creation would be generated. Taking up residence in Concord, Massachusetts, Emerson devoted himself to study, writing and a series of public lectures in the growing lyceum movement. From these lyceum addresses Emerson developed and then in 1836 published his most important work, Nature. Its publication also coincided with his organizing role in the Transcendental Club, a group of leading New England educators, clergy, and intellectuals interested in idealistic religion, philosophy, and literature.

"A megsemmisülés rejtélyes sz?vege egyszerre filozófiai traktátus, misztikus beavatás és poszthumán próza. A kortárs irodalomban egyre inkább feler?s?dik ez a nem-antropocentrikus hang, mely nem emberi sorsokat akar elbeszélni, hanem a nyelv és az ember k?z?s hiányt?rténetére mutat rá. ?Mennyien kapaszkodtak a létbe, mint egy végtelen fa t?rzsébe” - írja Horváth Márk és Lovász ?dám, hiszen az emberi állapot csak a társadalmi, nyelvi és metafizikai katasztrófa terében értelmezhet?. Apokaliptikus (neo)romantika és abszurd k?ltészet. Az utolsó ember kézik?nyve a túlélés lehetetlenségér?l."Nemes Z. Márió Az Idegenre hárult a sors ajándéka, hogy els?ként az utolsó emberek k?zu?l végignézze minden ku?ls?dleges k?telék pusztulását, és bizalmát lelkébe, s?t a lelkén is túlra helyezze, minden emberit maga m?g?tt hagyva. Minden ház gerendái k?z?tt barátságok és szerelmek jól táplált holttestei indultak oszlásnak, míg csak a csont fehérlett ki a vízb?l. Mint rég elhagyott kik?t?k tornyai, olyan hívogatóak voltak ezek a csontok az új kor embere számára.

The Prince (Italian: Il Principe) is a political treatise by the Italian diplomat, historian and political theorist Niccolò Machiavelli. From correspondence a version appears to have been distributed in 1513, using a Latin title, De Principatibus (About Principalities). But the printed version was not published until 1532, five years after Machiavelli's death. This was done with the permission of the Medici pope Clement VII, but "long before then, in fact since the first appearance of the Prince in manuscript, controversy had swirled about his writings" Although it was written as if it were a traditional work in the Mirror of Princes style, it is generally agreed that it was especially innovative, and not only because it was written in Italian rather than Latin. The Prince is sometimes claimed to be one of the first works of modern philosophy, in which the effective truth is taken to be more important than any abstract ideal. It was also in direct conflict with the dominant Catholic and scholastic doctrines of the time concerning how to consider politics and ethics. Although it is relatively short, the treatise is the most remembered of his works and the one most responsible for bringing "Machiavellian" into wide usage as a pejorative term. It also helped make "Old Nick" an English term for the devil, and even contributed to the modern negative connotations of the words "politics" and "politician" in western countries. In terms of subject matter it overlaps with the much longer Discourses on Livy, which was written a few years later. In its use of examples who were politically active Italians who perpetrated criminal deeds for politics, another lesser-known work by Machiavelli which The Prince has been compared to is the Life of Castruccio Castracani. The descriptions within The Prince have the general theme of accepting that ends of princes, such as glory, and indeed survival, can justify the use of immoral means to achieve those ends.

O que somos?De onde viemos?!Para onde vamos? A que caminhos a vida nos leva? Essas e outras quest?es aflitivas e de todos os tempos nos s?o solucionadas por León Denis neste opúsculo. Filho da dor, Denis sabe, como você também, o quanto viver, muitas vezes é sofrer. E por isso apresenta, de modo t?o leve a solu??o espírita, racional, para o problema do existir. Mais do que um livro de Filosofia espírita, você tem em m?os palavras de consolo e estímulo para que cada trope?o do caminho seja compreendido e por assim dizer, aproveitado! Venha acompanhar-nos nesta viagem e descubra, em rápidos parágrafos os porquês de sua vida, da nossa vida, do planeta, do Universo.? Aos poucos, entenderemos com a lógica espírita como tudo esta em seu devido lugar.

Dignità o miseria della natura umana? ?C'è un principio supposto prevalere tra molti che è del tutto incompatibile con ogni virtù o senso morale [...] Questo principio è che ogni benevolenza è mera ipocrisia, l'amicizia un inganno, lo spirito pubblico una farsa, la fedeltà un trucco per procurare fiducia e confidenza; e mentre tutti noi, in fondo, perseguiamo solo il nostro interesse privato, indossiamo questi bei travestimenti in modo da abbassare le difese degli altri ed esporli maggiormente alle nostre astuzie e macchinazioni?... Le meditazioni senza tempo di uno dei più grandi filosofi europei. SOMMARIO: Introduzione e avvertenza ai testi / Nota bibliografica: una mappa degli studi (di Fabrizio Pinna) - David Hume: Dignità o miseria della natura umana? / L'Amore di Sé. APPENDICE: Of the Dignity or Meanness of Human Nature; Of Self-love; My Own Life & Letter from Adam Smith, LL. D. to William Strahan, Esq.; Of the Reason of Animals; Of the Immortality of the Soul; Of Superstition and Enthusiasm; Of some Verbal Disputes. LE COLLANE IN/DEFINIZIONI & CON(TRO)TESTI

《参同契》又名《周易参同契》，为东汉魏伯阳著。其学说汇融周易、黄老、丹火之功于一体，用《易》的阴阳变化之理，阐述炼丹、内养之道，证明人与天地、宇宙有同体、同功而异用的法则。??《我说<参同契>》是南怀瑾先生继《论语别裁》后用力*深、*有分量的作品之一，共八十余万言，分上、中、下三册。内容涉及广泛，旁征博引，举证极多，更有南师本人所经历的诸多奇特的人和事，是国人了解、解读《参同契》这部“天书”的选择。

本书简要辑录了儒学四书原著中论述为人处世的基本道德和伦理的主要内容，并用白话直译。为了原汁原味地保留儒学原著的本意，也为了节约篇幅，本书不注释，不分析，不评，完全由读者自己阅读和领会原著的原意，并身体力行。本书简明扼要，便于携带，可置案头、床头，茶余饭后，随时随地可以检阅。

DAVID HUME (1711 – 1776) was a Scottish philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist known especially for his philosophical empiricism and skepticism. He was one of the most important figures in the history of Western philosophy and the Scottish Enlightenment. Hume is often grouped with John Locke, George Berkeley, and a handful of others as a British Empiricist. Beginning with his A Treatise of Human Nature (1739), Hume strove to create a total naturalistic "science of man" that examined the psychological basis of human nature. In stark opposition to the rationalists who preceded him, most notably Descartes, he concluded that desire rather than reason governed human behaviour, saying: "REASON IS, and OUGHT ONLY to BE the SLAVE of the PASSIONS". A prominent figure in the sceptical philosophical tradition and a strong empiricist, he argued against the existence of innate ideas, concluding instead that humans have knowledge only of things they directly experience.. NOTHING is more usual and more natural for those, who pretend to discover anything new to the world in philosophy and the sciences, than to insinuate the praises of their own systems, by decrying all those, which have been advanced before them. And indeed were they content with lamenting that ignorance, which we still lie under in the most important questions, that can come before the tribunal of human reason, there are few, who have an acquaintance with the sciences, that would not readily agree with them. It is easy for one of judgment and learning, to perceive the weak foundation even of those systems, which have obtained the greatest credit, and have carried their pretensions highest to accurate and profound reasoning. Principles taken upon trust, consequences lamely deduced from them, want of coherence in the parts, and of evidence in the whole, these are every where to be met with in the systems of the most eminent philosophers, and seem to have drawn disgrace upon philosophy itself. Nor is there required such profound knowledge to discover the present imperfect condition of the sciences, but even the rabble without doors may, judge from the noise and clamour, which they hear, that all goes not well within. There is nothing which is not the subject of debate, and in which men of learning are not of contrary opinions. The most trivial question escapes not our controversy, and in the most momentous we are not able to give any certain decision. Disputes are multiplied, as if every thing was uncertain; and these disputes are managed with the greatest warmth, as if every thing was certain. Amidst all this bustle it is not reason, which carries the prize, but eloquence; and no man needs ever despair of gaining proselytes to the most extravagant hypothesis, who has art enough to represent it in any favourable colours. The victory is not gained by the men at arms, who manage the pike and the sword; but by the trumpeters, drummers, and musicians of the army. From hence in my opinion arises that common prejudice against metaphysical reasonings of all kinds, even amongst those, who profess themselves scholars, and have a just value for every other part of literature. By metaphysical reasonings, they do not understand those on any particular branch of science, but every kind of argument, which is any way abstruse, and requires some attention to be comprehended. We have so often lost our labour in such researches, that we commonly reject them without hesitation, and resolve, if we must for ever be a prey to errors and delusions, that they shall at least be natural and entertaining. And indeed nothing but the most determined scepticism, along with a great degree of indolence, can justify this aversion to metaphysics. For if truth be at all within the reach of human capacity, it is certain it must lie very deep and abstruse: and to hope we shall arrive at it without pains, while the greatest geniuses have failed with the utmost pains..

　　这是一本借助佛学智慧，通晓人生哲理的身心灵修养书。 　　佛学是一个“百宝箱”，从肤浅的做人做事的技巧，到深的生命哲学，里面应有尽有。本书主要选择跟现实生活息息相关的内容加以介绍，例如，怎样美化自我形象？怎样赢得他人的爱和尊重？怎样和他人友好相处？怎样体验快乐富足的生活？怎样解脱烦恼、痛苦？怎样应对生活中的挫折和不幸？怎样擦亮慧眼、获得真正的智慧？怎样追求自己的人生目标？怎样为自己播种福缘？怎样安顿自己迷茫的灵魂？等等。

本书按《老子》八十一章分节解释，以老子哲学的“道”为和内核，着力阐发其形而上的人生智慧与存在境界，在老子那里，作为世界的原理，“道”既被视为存在的法则，也被理解为存在的方式。与之相涉，自然状态与“无为”之为、道的幽深与德之现实、为学与为道、本然与可能等方面，既彼此关联，又包含内在张力。全书呈现独特的文字魅力和思维品格，展现了老子对天、地、人的思考以及更广意义上道家的文化内涵。

生活是自己创造的。每个人都会时常面临来自生活、工作和社会的各种各样的问题。我们的处世方法、工作态度、努力程度、思维方式和心态信念等等决定了我们一生的成败。不论干什么，我们都希望自己能够成功，都试图尽量避免失败或走弯路。每天翻翻这本富有哲理性的“枕边书”，能够让你豁然开朗。

“人是自己命运的主宰。”——观念，推动历史改辙18世纪，是启蒙的世纪。从爱丁堡到那不勒斯，从巴黎到柏林，从波士顿到费城，“自由”是这个时代的纲领，它让人倍感欣喜：光荣的独立前景和大展宏图的无限机会向所有人敞了。人类有史以来首次将自信建立在现实基础上，各个阶层的人们自信满满，始相信理性和行动的力量。启蒙哲人们着手设计了各种改造秩序的方案——社会、伦理、科学、艺术、政治、教育……就此，挥别古老的过去，今日世界在他们手中诞生。历史如何在自由观念的冲下改头换面？个人如何在启蒙精神的照耀下主宰命运？现代史学巨擘彼得·盖伊，为我们娓娓道来。

是谁提出“人不能两次踏同一条河流”？为什么斯宾诺莎是被骂名包围的哲学家？ 俄罗斯的飞翔的双头鹰国徽有着怎样的历史渊源？……这些我们都该知道。

本书是以国家社科基金重点项目“马克思主义文艺理论中国化研究”的结项成果为基础定稿出版的。 马克思主义文艺理论中国化，是当代马克思主义文艺学构建的根本基础与重要内涵。当代马克思主义文艺学的构建，既是结合中国国情，接受与吸收马克思主义文艺理论的基本观点与基本方法，并以此指导中国文艺发展，解决文艺实践问题的过程；同时也是马克思主义文艺理论的原典形态与价值内涵在中国文艺实践考察与当代形态文论构建中，不断体现出新的时代精神并为人们自觉认识与明确掌握的过程。 《马克思主义文艺理论中国化论纲》中特别阐述了习近平文艺座谈会提出的“以人民为中心”的文艺导向，结合中国文艺实践，特别是“大众文化”实践，并借鉴西方“大众文化”的研究成果，探索当代中国“大众文化”的定位、批评尺度以及健康发展的路径，体现出鲜明的时代精神与深刻的历史意味。 《马克思主义文艺理论中国化论纲》立足中国国情，强化对马克思主义文艺理论丰富内涵的多向拓展与整合，在理论与实践的统一上，梳理与求证马克思主义文艺理论中国化、时代化与大众化的正确途径，从而进一步明确“以人民为中心”的当代马克思主义文艺学研究的基本导向。

本书是在中国人民大学哲学院举办的讲座“哲学的星空”季的基础上整理汇集而成的。本书分别阐述了阅读《资本论》的难度和门槛、斯金纳的技治术、实验哲学的兴起及其意义、批判性阅读与写作、道家的自然观念、生命复制的两种含义、罗尔斯的“公平的机会平等”思想、民法典与中国社会的伦理走向、“格义”之广狭二义及其在佛教中国化中的历史作用、中国哲学形上学、身份政治时代的社会正义、先秦法家的历史际遇与价值重估、从“哲学”到“中国哲学”、晚年恩格斯正义观的实践逻辑，各位学者或深分析了新的哲学问题，或对经典文本和经典命题做出新阐释。

本书是叶秀山、王树人总主编的《西方哲学史》（学术版）之分卷，全书分六篇，主要从三个方面展论述：1.从德国启蒙运动、德国文学对哲学的影响、自然科学的迅速发展等三方面介绍了德国古典哲学产生的思想文化背景；2.介绍了康德、费希特、谢林、黑格尔等著名的德国古典哲学家的生平及其著作，由此总结出德国古典哲学的特征；3.通过对黑格尔学派、费尔巴哈以及马克思恩格斯论德国古典哲学，介绍了德国古典哲学的终结。

逻辑在生活中很重要，但是很多人会以为逻辑学太难学。事实上，逻辑学在生活中的应用并不是很难，而这种应用也不需要逻辑学的“公式”，是需要我们严谨的思维。本书以日常生活和历史事件中常见现象为题，发掘涉及这些常见现象背后的有趣问题，揭示这些现象所涉及的谬误，以此生动说明逻辑学常用的方法，如概念辨析、有效类推、预设意义等，并且在此基础上理解真、假，以及真诚、虚伪、谦虚等概念的逻辑意义。 本书介绍的逻辑方法不同于传统逻辑学方法，对思维中的思辨性具有较高要求，可读性强，有利于培养一个人严密思维的能力，建立有效分析问题的框架，从而在面对复杂社会现象的时候，具有独立思考的能力。

本书记录著名学者赵敦华教授最近十几年的研究心得，是一部关于中西哲学与马克思哲学对话的原创论文集。作者创造性地试图用达尔文的发生学观，重新解释中国文明的起源；用中西比较哲学的方法，重新理解先秦经典；并且对马克思主义，做了正本清源的工作。全书分三篇，上篇：马克思哲学：正本清源；中篇：西方哲学：推本溯源；下篇：中国哲学:返本新。

 《传习录》是明代王守仁（王阳明）的哲学语录。由门人徐爱、钱德洪等辑录。编《阳明全书》作为首篇，共上中下三卷。“传习”一词，语自《论语·学而。全书采用学生问，王阳明答的形式展，又收有一些书信，内容丰富。王阳明的主要哲学观，“心即理”“知行合一”“致良知”和“万物一体”等， 在书中均有体现。王阳明心学是中国心性儒学的高峰，钱穆认为，《传习录》是中国人要读的经典之书。梁启超称，学阳明先生思想，应读《传习录》。

本辑刊选译了西方学界研究洛克的五篇代表性文章，主要围绕洛克的《自然法问题》展。学者莫里斯和霍维茨的论文对洛克的《自然法问题》行了全面而详细的述评；齐奈施的论文认为《自然法问题》体现了洛克道德观的内在一致；朱克特的论文则对齐奈施行了反驳，认为《自然法问题》包含了许多前后的矛盾和龃龉；韦斯特的论文则又是对朱克特论文的呼应，不同于朱克特，他认为洛克的自然法学说不是一种道德学说，而有其“功利性”基础。五篇论文的编排由全面概观的述略和评注始，深到对具体问题的辩难，逻辑清晰，引人思考。  除了本期的主题，其他常设栏目也各具亮。“古典作品研究”选译了巴克的论文《莎士比亚英国历史剧中的自由》；“思想史发微”选取了孙大坤的论文《晚清语境中的荀学解释》；“旧文新刊”收录民国学者江慎中的文章《春秋穀梁傳條指》；“评论”刊布了时霄的文章《“虔诚的欺骗”、隐微写作与英国的保守启蒙——评艾伦茨威克<信仰的边缘>》。  

　　克里马库斯(基尔克果的假名之一)与柏拉图都发现了观念的荒谬性，并且明白观念与政治之间的经验主义一存在主义的关系。克里马库斯以一种新鲜的方式行努力，他首先并且首要地是努力将永恒真理与存在着的个体联系起来。他给读者留下的任务是：结合他对根本真理的观来思索政治哲学问题。我们必须弄清楚，在柏拉图业已失败的地方，克里马库斯是否成功了?基尔克果为我们提出的问题是：  “一个主观性的生存思想者如何可能?”从个体始自己的思索，基尔克果便翻转了柏拉图的整个计划。