Generally seen as a pioneering work of zoology, Aristotle frames his text by explaining that he is investigating the existing facts about animals. History of Animals is one of the major texts on biology.

Mülkiyet kar??t? ya?l? anar?ist, hayat?n?n son y?llar?nda ironik bir durumda kald?. ?svi?re vatanda?l???na girmenin yollar?n? arayan Bakunin'e sunulan se?enek, orada bir ev sahibi olmas?yd? ve belki de en hazini, sahip olaca?? bu ev nedeniyle, polisin, resm? tutanaklara “Michael Bakunin, rantiye” notunu dü?mesiydi. 18 May?s 1814'te Rusya'da do?an Michael Aleksandrovich Bakunin, 1 Temmuz 1876'da ?ldü?ünde ülkesinden ?ok uzaklardayd? ve cenazesinde yaln?zca 30–40 ki?i vard?. Gen? Bakunin i?in, “A?k, insan?n yeryüzündeki en üst misyonuydu. Bir insan?n kendini a?ks?z vermesi, Kutsal Ruh’a kar?? i?lenmi? bir günaht?”.. ?Kad?nlar taraf?ndan olduk?a ?ekici bulunan Mihail'in ise kad?nlarla ili?kisi hep ruhsal bir a?k olarak kald?.??svi?re'nin muhte?em manzaras? e?li?inde George Sand romanlar? okuyan Bakunin, Frans?z dü?üncesinin Alman dü?üncesinden üstün oldu?u inanc?n? sa?lamla?t?r?yordu. ? Bakunin, Marx i?in, “O, beni duygusal idealist olarak adland?r?yordu; hakl?yd?. Ben de onu, hoyrat, kendini be?enmi? ve ac?mas?z olarak de?erlendiriyordum; ben de hakl?yd?m” diyordu.. ? Kendisine ili?kin konularda kindar olmayan Bakunin, Herzen'in kar?s?na g?sterdi?i so?uklu?u hayat?n?n sonuna kadar unutamad?.?“Art?k reaksiyonun muzaffer gü?lerine kar?? Sisifos'un ta??n? yuvarlamak i?in ne gerekli güce ne de güvene sahibim. Bu yüzden, mücadeleden ?ekiliyor ve arkada?lar?mdan tek bir iyilik bekliyorum: "Unutulmak”,?Orta ve ge? on dokuzuncu yüzy?lda, radikal sol –yani, a?g?zlü kapitalizm ele?tirmenleri ve sanayi i??ilerinin ?zgürlü?ünün savunucular?– iki temel franksiyona ayr?l?yordu: Marksistler ve anar?istler. Kabaca s?ylemek gerekirse (ki bu son derece kar???k bir hik?yedir), kazanan Marksistler oldu ve yirminci yüzy?l?n tüm ba?ar?l? sol devrimleri –Rus, ?in ve Küba, ?rne?in– Marksist ilkelere ba?l?l?klar?n? ilan ettiler. ? Marksistler ile anar?istler aras?ndaki sava? bu noktada tarihsel bir meraktan ?te devam eden bir meseledir. Pi?man olmayan ya da ele?tirilmeyen tek ger?ek Marksist sol Kim Jong Il ve taraf etraftaki birka? entelektüel ve profes?rdür. Anar?izm ise uygulanabilir bir toplumsal hareket olarak ?kinci Dünya Sava??yla yava? yava? tükenmeye yüz tutmu?ken küreselle?me kar??t? hareket ve d?nemimizin di?er radikalizmleri i?inde yeniden dirilmeye ba?lam??t?r. ? Ne var ki, d?neminde –Marx’?n di?erleriyle aras?ndaki– bu sava? bir ?lüm kal?m meselesiydi ve Marksizm muhtemel kapitalizm kar??t? olarak ve yan? s?ra anar?izm kar??t? olarak tan?mlan?yordu. Asl?nda, Marx’?n yazarl??? anar?izme y?nelik sald?r?lar? a??s?ndan handiyse gülün? bir geni?li?e ula?m??t?r. Marx’?n Alman ?deolojisi kitab?n?n büyük b?lümü –yüzlerce sayfas?– bireyci/anar?ist Max Stirner’e y?nelik bir sald?r?dan ibarettir. Felsefenin Sefaleti Proudhon’a kar?? büyük?e bir fikir sava??d?r. Marx onca zaman ve enerjisini Bakunin’e sald?rmaya harcam??t?r: ?“dangalak!”?“canavar, et ve ya? y???n?,” “sap?k” vesaire: ?bu tabirler, has?mlar? s?z konusu oldu?unda Marx’?n bildik üslubudur: yazarl??? yar? bilimsel inceleme, yar? s?zlü tacizdir. Marx’?n, gerek kendi a?z?ndan gerekse de kimi s?zcülerini kullanarak ony?llar boyunca y?neltti?i ve muhtemelen di?erleri denli e?lenceli olmayan var olan su?lamas?, Bakunin’in bir muhbir oldu?u y?nündeydi ve Marx’?n bu ba?ar?l? sald?r?lar? nihayetinde Bakunin’in Enternasyonal ???i Z?mb?rt?s?ndan tasfiyesine yol a?t?.. ?

More’s “Utopia” was written in Latin, and is in two parts, of which the second, describing the place ([Greek text]—or Nusquama, as he called it sometimes in his letters—“Nowhere”), was probably written towards the close of 1515; the first part, introductory, early in 1516. The book was first printed at Louvain, late in 1516, under the editorship of Erasmus, Peter Giles, and other of More’s friends in Flanders. It was then revised by More, and printed by Frobenius at Basle in November, 1518. It was reprinted at Paris and Vienna, but was not printed in England during More’s lifetime. Its first publication in this country was in the English translation, made in Edward’s VI.’s reign (1551) by Ralph Robinson. It was translated with more literary skill by Gilbert Burnet, in 1684, soon after he had conducted the defence of his friend Lord William Russell, attended his execution, vindicated his memory, and been spitefully deprived by James II. of his lectureship at St. Clement’s. Burnet was drawn to the translation of “Utopia” by the same sense of unreason in high places that caused More to write the book. Burnet’s is the translation given in this volume. The name of the book has given an adjective to our language—we call an impracticable scheme Utopian. Yet, under the veil of a playful fiction, the talk is intensely earnest, and abounds in practical suggestion. It is the work of a scholarly and witty Englishman, who attacks in his own way the chief political and social evils of his time. Beginning with fact, More tells how he was sent into Flanders with Cuthbert Tunstal, “whom the king’s majesty of late, to the great rejoicing of all men, did prefer to the office of Master of the Rolls;” how the commissioners of Charles met them at Bruges, and presently returned to Brussels for instructions; and how More then went to Antwerp, where he found a pleasure in the society of Peter Giles which soothed his desire to see again his wife and children, from whom he had been four months away. Then fact slides into fiction with the finding of Raphael Hythloday (whose name, made of two Greek words [Greek text] and [Greek text], means “knowing in trifles”), a man who had been with Amerigo Vespucci in the three last of the voyages to the new world lately discovered, of which the account had been first printed in 1507, only nine years before Utopia was written. Designedly fantastic in suggestion of details, “Utopia” is the work of a scholar who had read Plato’s “Republic,” and had his fancy quickened after reading Plutarch’s account of Spartan life under Lycurgus. Beneath the veil of an ideal communism, into which there has been worked some witty extravagance, there lies a noble English argument. Sometimes More puts the case as of France when he means England. Sometimes there is ironical praise of the good faith of Christian kings, saving the book from censure as a political attack on the policy of Henry VIII. Erasmus wrote to a friend in 1517 that he should send for More’s “Utopia,” if he had not read it, and “wished to see the true source of all political evils.” And to More Erasmus wrote of his book, “A burgomaster of Antwerp is so pleased with it that he knows it all by heart.” Sir Thomas More, son of Sir John More, a justice of the King’s Bench, was born in 1478, in Milk Street, in the city of London. After his earlier education at St. Anthony’s School, in Threadneedle Street, he was placed, as a boy, in the household of Cardinal John Morton, Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Chancellor. It was not unusual for persons of wealth or influence and sons of good families to be so established together in a relation of patron and client. The youth wore his patron’s livery, and added to his state. The patron used, afterwards, his wealth or influence in helping his young client forward in the world.

Among the notable books of later times-we may say, without exaggeration, of all time--must be reckoned The Confessions of Jean Jacques Rousseau. It deals with leading personages and transactions of a momentous epoch, when absolutism and feudalism were rallying for their last struggle against the modern spirit, chiefly represented by Voltaire, the Encyclopedists, and Rousseau himself--a struggle to which, after many fierce intestine quarrels and sanguinary wars throughout Europe and America, has succeeded the prevalence of those more tolerant and rational principles by which the statesmen of our own day are actuated. On these matters, however, it is not our province to enlarge; nor is it necessary to furnish any detailed account of our author's political, religious, and philosophic axioms and systems, his paradoxes and his errors in logic: these have been so long and so exhaustively disputed over by contending factions that little is left for even the most assiduous gleaner in the field. The inquirer will find, in Mr. John Money's excellent work, the opinions of Rousseau reviewed succinctly and impartially. The 'Contrat Social', the 'Lattres Ecrites de la Montagne', and other treatises that once aroused fierce controversy, may therefore be left in the repose to which they have long been consigned, so far as the mass of mankind is concerned, though they must always form part of the library of the politician and the historian. One prefers to turn to the man Rousseau as he paints himself in the remarkable work before us. That the task which he undertook in offering to show himself--as Persius puts it--'Intus et in cute', to posterity, exceeded his powers, is a trite criticism; like all human enterprises, his purpose was only imperfectly fulfilled; but this circumstance in no way lessens the attractive qualities of his book, not only for the student of history or psychology, but for the intelligent man of the world. Its startling frankness gives it a peculiar interest wanting in most other autobiographies. Many censors have elected to sit in judgment on the failings of this strangely constituted being, and some have pronounced upon him very severe sentences. Let it be said once for all that his faults and mistakes were generally due to causes over which he had but little control, such as a defective education, a too acute sensitiveness, which engendered suspicion of his fellows, irresolution, an overstrained sense of honour and independence, and an obstinate refusal to take advice from those who really wished to befriend him; nor should it be forgotten that he was afflicted during the greater part of his life with an incurable disease. Lord Byron had a soul near akin to Rousseau's, whose writings naturally made a deep impression on the poet's mind, and probably had an influence on his conduct and modes of thought: In some stanzas of 'Childe Harold' this sympathy is expressed with truth and power; especially is the weakness of the Swiss philosopher's character summed up in the following admirable lines: "Here the self-torturing sophist, wild Rousseau, The apostle of affliction, he who threw Enchantment over passion, and from woe Wrung overwhelming eloquence, first drew The breath which made him wretched; yet he knew How to make madness beautiful, and cast O'er erring deeds and thoughts a heavenly hue Of words, like sunbeams, dazzling as they passed The eyes, which o'er them shed tears feelingly and fast. "His life was one long war with self-sought foes, Or friends by him self-banished; for his mind Had grown Suspicion's sanctuary, and chose, For its own cruel sacrifice, the kind, 'Gainst whom he raged with fury strange and blind. But he was frenzied,-wherefore, who may know? Since cause might be which skill could never find; But he was frenzied by disease or woe To that worst pitch of all, which wears a reasoning show."

...a knyvet ne tekintsük úgy, mint amelynek a fejldése már befejezdtt, és amin már nincs is mit tkéletesíteni... azzal mintha nem foglalkozna senki, hogy a knyvet miként lehetne az olvasó számára használhatóbbá tenni... nagyon is el tudnék képzelni ergonomikusabban megtervezett és knnyebben kézben tartható knyvet is (amelyet nem ejtek el, ha a mobilom után kezdek kotorászni a 6-os villamoson. Ha egyszer vehetünk jobban kézbe ill tollat, akkor talán ez sem képtelenség).”

《论语》是孔子及其弟子的言行辑录，被称为中国人的《圣经》。历代研究《论语》的专著卷帙浩繁，形成了具有独特风貌的《论语》文化，从伦理道德、政治、文化、教育等方面影响着人们的思想和社会前的方向。 　　《图解论语全集》参考了大量权威注译版本，对《论语》的二十篇分别从原文、注释、译文、评论四个方面行了全集式的解读，并有对儒家思想高度概括的立体式图解。此外，本书还收录极具权威的明版木刻全套《孔子行迹图》，力求以图文并茂的方式使《论语》鲜活起来，从而让每个读者都能沐浴到圣贤先哲的深邃智慧。

理解我们面前的这本著作，需要从马克思主义理论的发展历史谈起。 研究马克思主义理论有一个基本的困难——马克思本人从未对自己的思想做过全面系统的阐述。马克思是人类历史上伟大的思想家，在哲学、经济学、社会主义理论等诸多方面都有大量极为宝贵的思想，这一点毫无疑问。然而无论哪个方面的探索，他直到去世始终“在路上”。马克思是伟大的哲学家，但是对他而言，哲学只是理论研究和改造现实的工具，思想一旦形成便重在使用。他对思想本身无意整理，因此其主要哲学著作只是一些尚未完成的手稿、零散的笔记、论战性著作以及散见于其他著作中的哲学思考。他写有三卷本的皇皇巨著《资本论》，生前只出版了卷，留下两卷未完成的手稿，去世后由恩格斯整理问世。他在晚年把未完成的《资本论》写作暂时搁置，转而研究其他问题，以至恩格斯等人一再催促甚至表示不满，而他本人并未采纳朋友的意见。至于科学社会主义理论，在1848年的《共产党宣言》中初次问世后，马克思以及恩格斯的有关表述几经变化，前后有明显区别，他们晚年的思想与早期的思想是否存在对立，至今仍是学术界的一桩“公案”。

形而上学问题是西方哲学中的核心问题，深研究形而上学问题无论对理解西方哲学还是对研究中国哲学以及当代中国哲学的学科建设都具有重要的理论意义。本书以梳理形而上学的历史演变为主旨，概述了形而上学的概念、问题和历史演变，分别讨论了柏拉图的形式论、亚里士多德的形而上学、中世纪的形而上学、近代早期哲学中的形而上学、康德对形而上学的贡献、黑格尔与古典形而上学的终结、20世纪语言哲学视野下的形而上学、海德格尔与形而上学以及形而上学与后现代主义，大体上概述了形而上学在西方哲学不同历史时期的基本特征和表现形式，并且重分析了在形而上学史上具有里程碑意义的哲学理论，比较全面地梳理了形而上学的历史演变过程。

为什么你掌握的信息越多，反而越难看到事物本质？ 《看到并看见：如何成为一个犀利的人》一书通过对于洞见能力的阐述、提升方法和应用策略，帮助我们穿过纷繁与复杂的表象，看到事物的本质与趋势，做出精确与高效的判断，帮助读者撕开事物的伪装，在似是而非的选择题中发现正确的答案。

怎么做才对？什么样的生活才算好？这些我们日日面对的问题，追问下去，就会触达道德的本质。 因此，道德哲学不仅仅是一项学术事业，而是对于什么样的人生才值得过的省察。追寻良好生活，意味着敢于运用自己的理智，去思索至关重要的问题，而不是想都不想就受别人给出的答案。 为了这样的道德启蒙，牛津大学哲学家乔纳森?沃尔夫结合几十年的哲学思考与道德实践，为每个愿意探索人生幸福根基的人，写下了这部明晰晓畅的通识著作。他从头梳理2500年的道德探究，使功利主义、道义论、德性伦理三大流派在交锋中相互阐明，让众多大思想家的洞见成为我们时代的道德资源。从古典时代到21世纪，道德哲学追问至为根本的问题，也不断回应每个时代中至为切近的问题。理性的思考加上共情的理解，在质疑、挑战中完善思考与实践，这是形塑道德人生观的途径，也是道德步的动力。

《直面人生的困惑》： 郭继承教授遍阅中国传统文化经典，从传统文化经典作品中汲取智慧，与现实相结合，提出了解决人生各种困惑的思路和方法。语言犀利、逻辑严密、深入浅出，可谓人生困惑“答案之书”。 《圣人的秘密》： 阅读经典，造福大众，成就人生 郭继承教授遍阅中国传统文化经典，书中所选取的文本是中国历经典的文本之一，目的就是希望确保这本书的质量，确保读者能够真正从中受益。

在这个人心浮动的年代，越来越多的人关注到自身心灵的困境，并始踏上探索自我的旅程。然而，面对各种各样释放压抑、探索灵魂的方法，许多人也感到茫然和不知所措。《慧灯·问道》节目因此而诞生。 节目围绕我们日常生活、工作及社会热等展，在“问”中追寻“道”，在“道”中化解种种烦恼。*季主要辑录大家通常都会遇到的典型性问题。无论您是初学小白还是资深老参，或者仅仅是好奇地看看，都可以从中得到一些意想不到的收获。 本书即根据《慧灯·问道》录音稿整理而成，希望在不经意间能为您智慧之门。

“幸福都是奋斗出来的”“奋斗本身就是一种幸福”“新时代是奋斗者的时代”，习近平总书记在讲话中多次提到“奋斗”一词。这些话语发人深思，又催人奋进，标注了新时代的奋斗气质。“奋斗”也是2018年“两会”的主旋律。习近平总书记在十三届全国人大一次会议闭幕会上强调“奋斗”，再一次阐明了奋斗对当代中国的重大意义。弘扬中华民族的伟大创造精神、伟大奋斗精神、伟大团结精神、伟大梦想精神，我们就有了发展进步的强大精神动力，就能以更加昂扬的姿态屹立于世界民族之林。

《中国思想简史》是武内义雄思想史研究集大成之作，也是他所有著作中著名的一本，读者极广。有别于传统的以不同哲学体系连续记录中国思想史的其他著作，这本书旨在阐明思想发展的具体过程，同时讲述儒家思想（特别是宋学）对佛教和道教的影响。民主人士、翻译家汪馥泉对此书大为赞赏，悉力翻译成信雅晓畅的中文，从而受到世人很高的评价。本书与其后出版的冯友兰《中国哲学简史》并称划时代著作。

牟宗三是现代新儒家第二代的重镇，著作等身，代表着20世纪后半叶儒学的*水准，在海内外有着重要影响。其思想涉猎广泛、艰深曲折，是一段时间以来儒学研究*困难的题目，没有之一，因而一部分人有将其神化的倾向。 《走下神坛的牟宗三》力图将牟宗三从神坛上请下来，作为一个哲学家，与之展对话。本书分别从坎陷论、三系论、存有论、圆善论、合一论五个方面，扼要介绍牟宗三思想的主旨，汲取精华，指明缺陷，一同在哲学的道路上向前迈。

信息伦理是数字化生存的道德维度，信息伦理学是新兴的应用伦理学的一个重要分支。在所谓“数字化生存”的当代社会，不能没有信息伦理学的引导和规范。本书以信息法律与信息伦理的关系为切背景，在论述信息权利之道德意蕴的基础上，从信息发、信息管理、信息传播、信息消费四大方面展对信息伦理的分类探讨，并就电子商务、虚拟技术、全球化、大数据等特殊问题行具体的伦理分析，从而呈现出信息伦理学大致的整体模样，并彰显其与某些相关的、类似的应用伦理学分支的区别。本书为相关理论研究提供了一种可资参考的反思框架，也可作为各种各样的信息活动中解决实际伦理问题的一种道德指南。

在长期传播的过程中，《论语》的许多思想被人们加以提炼，成为广为流传的名言。本书就是采撷这些名言，同时又考虑到读者的阅读兴趣，文中辅以历史故事，并对其逐一行解释、引申和拨，使孔子在两千年前的忠告能够针对现代人的做人处世、事业成功起到真正的指导作用。

无论是声名显赫的伟大人物，还是普通的教师家长，在讲述人生哲理的时候都喜欢运用一些经典的小故事来辅证自己的观。对于读者而言，与阅读那些枯燥单调的理论相比，本书中的一些蕴涵哲理的小故事更易于理解和受。

《论人类不平等的起源和基础》因其学术地位和内容影响，成为国内各大本科院校社会学、法学、伦理学专业的名著。 本书被称为法国大革命的灵魂，是法国著名启蒙思想家、哲学家卢梭整个政治学说的导言。奠定了西方社会形态的著作《社会契约论》正是在本书的基础上深论而写成。在《论人类不平等的起源和基础》一书中，卢梭一方面借助当时有关野蛮人的人类学资料，一方面展辩证的想象，回顾了人类从自然状态向社会状态过渡的历史程，为社会学研究、法学发展研究、伦理学研究提供了基础，是学术名著中公认的不朽经典，也是人文科学爱好者*值得收藏的作品之一。

这是一本探讨有关生活态度的书籍。季羡林先生结合自身九十多年的生活体味，感悟有关于人生的总总。包括缘分、命运、容忍、宽容、朋友、成功、知足、爱情、孝顺等等。是季老先生感悟和体悟人生的杂文集，文中字句简洁清雅，干净流畅，将日常中的小事用平淡无奇的语言娓娓道来，在诉说家常的同时将人生的智慧与感悟渗透于字里行间，是一本值得年轻人阅读并且能帮助年轻人走出心灵困惑，获得智慧启迪的大成之作。 ??????? 除此之外，文中还有大量的季老生前各个阶段的的摄影图片，图文并茂，设计装帧经典大气，是一本文学性兼有收藏价值的好书。

　　《〈理想国〉的内与外》是"经典与解释"集刊的第37辑，主要论题是柏拉图的《理想国》。《理想国》以苏格拉底为主角用对话体写成，共分10卷，不仅是柏拉图对自己前此哲学思想的概括和总结，而且是当时各门学科的综合，它探讨了哲学、政治、伦理道德、教育、文艺等等各方面的问题，以理念论为基础，建立了一个系统的理想国家方案。本辑论题部分的三篇文章从不同的角度对《理想国》中涉及的不同的问题行了分析。