19世纪末20世纪初，是人类社会发生深刻变化的关键时期，也是马克思主义发展的重要时期。如何认识资本主义新变化的本质？马克思主义在时代新变化面前还有没有生命力？在新的历史条件下无产阶级面临的*紧迫任务及其实现路径是什么？以列宁为代表的马克思主义者，科学地回答了时代提出的重大问题，与各种错误思潮展了坚决斗争，有力地推了马克思主义的重大发展，为马克思主义在20世纪波澜壮阔的历史揭了精彩的序幕。 在《20世纪马克思主义发展史》（九卷本）的体系结构中，本卷具有反映历史承、时代转换和内容综合的特殊性质，总体遵循逻辑与历史相统一的思路，采用史论结合的叙述方法，着力考察19世纪末至十月革命前马克思主义发展史上的重大事件、重要人物、重著作，力图全面、准确地反映这一时期马克思主义发展的历史风貌。

本书论述了形而上学的基本含义，比较说明了中西形而上学的差异与会通，探讨了境界形而上学的内涵，主张哲学意义上的实事求是与真善美的自由人格的内在统一。本书通过境界形而上学的视角探索中国哲学中儒释道的本体、工夫、境界三者的统一，揭示了儒释道所说的本体与人的关系，即本体与人的存在内在相连，并由人的道德实践而呈现在精神境界上。

Within our Society (the International Society for Krishna Consciousness), guru has been taken to be synonymous with diksa-guru, but what about those great souls who have introduced us to Krsna consciousness? What relationship do we have with these Vaisnavas, and what are our obligations toward them, as well as toward parents, teachers, sannyasis, and other superiors who help guide us back to Godhead? Not much has been said by the Society on these topics, and hardly any appreciation is shown for those souls who labor to elevate us day by day.The scriptures, however, glorify as guru all Vaisnavas who guide a conditioned soul back to Godhead — be they instructors or initiators — advocating a culture of honor and respect. ISKCON needs to reflect upon these principles further, and the purpose of this book is to act as a catalyst toward such an end.

      《中国佛教史》为二十世纪上半叶中国近代教育家、佛教家蒋维乔居士在日本学者境野哲先生《支那佛教史纲》基础上撰写的一本从目录学角度探究佛教流变的优秀著作，对民国以后的中国佛教研究曾起过积极的作用，堪称经典。特为简要系统，不乏卓识；语言畅达，不失曲雅风趣；资料丰富，存厥存疑。在今日仍不失为一本了解中国佛教历史的基本读物。

Euthyphro (Ancient Greek: Euthuphron) is one of Plato's early dialogues, dated to after 399 BC. Taking place during the weeks leading up to Socrates' trial, the dialogue features Socrates and Euthyphro, a religious expert also mentioned at Cratylus 396a and 396d, attempting to define piety or holiness. Background The dialogue is set near the king-archon's court, where the two men encounter each other. They are both there for preliminary hearings before possible trials (2a).Euthyphro has come to lay manslaughter charges against his father, as his father had allowed one of his workers to die exposed to the elements without proper care and attention (3e–4d). This worker had killed a slave belonging to the family estate on the island of Naxos; while Euthyphro's father waited to hear from the expounders of religious law (exegetes cf. Laws 759d) about how to proceed, the worker died bound and gagged in a ditch. Socrates expresses his astonishment at the confidence of a man able to take his own father to court on such a serious charge, even when Athenian Law allows only relatives of the deceased to sue for murder. Euthyphro misses the astonishment, and merely confirms his overconfidence in his own judgment of religious/ethical matters. In an example of "Socratic irony," Socrates states that Euthyphro obviously has a clear understanding of what is pious and impious. Since Socrates himself is facing a charge of impiety, he expresses the hope to learn from Euthyphro, all the better to defend himself in his own trial. Euthyphro claims that what lies behind the charge brought against Socrates by Meletus and the other accusers is Socrates' claim that he is subjected to a daimon or divine sign which warns him of various courses of action (3b). Even more suspicious from the viewpoint of many Athenians, Socrates expresses skeptical views on the main stories about the Greek gods, which the two men briefly discuss before plunging into the main argument. Socrates expresses reservations about such accounts which show up the gods' cruelty and inconsistency. He mentions the castration of the early sky god, Uranus, by his son Cronus, saying he finds such stories very difficult to accept (6a–6c). Euthyphro, after claiming to be able to tell even more amazing such stories, spends little time or effort defending the conventional view of the gods. Instead, he is led straight to the real task at hand, as Socrates forces him to confront his ignorance, ever pressing him for a definition of 'piety'. Yet, with every definition Euthyphro proposes, Socrates very quickly finds a fatal flaw (6d ff.). At the end of the dialogue, Euthyphro is forced to admit that each definition has been a failure, but rather than correct it, he makes the excuse that it is time for him to go, and Socrates ends the dialogue with a classic example of Socratic irony: since Euthyphro has been unable to come up with a definition that will stand on its own two feet, Euthyphro has failed to teach Socrates anything at all about piety, and so he has received no aid for his own defense at his own trial (15c ff.).

Paradise Lost is an epic poem in blank verse by the 17th-century English poet John Milton (1608–1674). The first version, published in 1667, consisted of ten books with over ten thousand lines of verse. A second edition followed in 1674, arranged into twelve books (in the manner of Virgil's Aeneid) with minor revisions throughout and a note on the versification. It is considered by critics to be Milton's "major work", and helped solidify his reputation as one of the greatest English poets of his time. The poem concerns the Biblical story of the Fall of Man: the temptation of Adam and Eve by the fallen angel Satan and their expulsion from the Garden of Eden. Milton's purpose, stated in Book I, is to "justify the ways of God to men" Short Summary:The poem is separated into twelve "books" or sections, the lengths of which vary greatly (the longest is Book IX, with 1,189 lines, and the shortest Book VII, with 640). The Arguments at the head of each book were added in subsequent imprints of the first edition. Originally published in ten books, a fully "Revised and Augmented" edition reorganized into twelve books was issued in 1674, and this is the edition generally used today. The poem follows the epic tradition of starting in medias res (Latin for in the midst of things), the background story being recounted later.Milton's story has two narrative arcs, one about Satan (Lucifer) and the other following Adam and Eve. It begins after Satan and the other rebel angels have been defeated and banished to Hell, or, as it is also called in the poem, Tartarus. In Pand?monium, Satan employs his rhetorical skill to organise his followers; he is aided by Mammon and Beelzebub. Belial and Moloch are also present. At the end of the debate, Satan volunteers to poison the newly created Earth and God's new and most favoured creation, Mankind. He braves the dangers of the Abyss alone in a manner reminiscent of Odysseus or Aeneas. After an arduous traversal of the Chaos outside Hell, he enters God's new material World, and later the Garden of Eden. At several points in the poem, an Angelic War over Heaven is recounted from different perspectives. Satan's rebellion follows the epic convention of large-scale warfare. The battles between the faithful angels and Satan's forces take place over three days. At the final battle, the Son of God single-handedly defeats the entire legion of angelic rebels and banishes them from Heaven. Following this purge, God creates the World, culminating in his creation of Adam and Eve. While God gave Adam and Eve total freedom and power to rule over all creation, He gave them one explicit command: not to eat from the Tree of the knowledge of good and evil on penalty of death.

The Republic (Greek: Politeia) is a Socratic dialogue, written by Plato around 380 BC, concerning the definition of (justice), the order and character of the just city-state and the just man, reason by which ancient readers used the name On Justice as an alternative title (not to be confused with the spurious dialogue also titled On Justice). The dramatic date of the dialogue has been much debated and though it must take place some time during the Peloponnesian War, "there would be jarring anachronisms if any of the candidate specific dates between 432 and 404 were assigned". It is Plato's best-known work and has proven to be one of the most intellectually and historically influential works of philosophy and political theory. In it, Socrates along with various Athenians and foreigners discuss the meaning of justice and examine whether or not the just man is happier than the unjust man by considering a series of different cities coming into existence "in speech", culminating in a city (Kallipolis) ruled by philosopher-kings; and by examining the nature of existing regimes. The participants also discuss the theory of forms, the immortality of the soul, and the roles of the philosopher and of poetry in society. Short Summary (Epilogue):X.1—X.8. 595a—608b. Rejection of Mimetic ArtX.9—X.11. 608c—612a. Immortality of the SoulX.12. 612a—613e. Rewards of Justice in LifeX.13—X.16. 613e—621d. Judgment of the Dead The paradigm of the city — the idea of the Good, the Agathon — has manifold historical embodiments, undertaken by those who have seen the Agathon, and are ordered via the vision. The centre piece of the Republic, Part II, nos. 2–3, discusses the rule of the philosopher, and the vision of the Agathon with the allegory of the cave, which is clarified in the theory of forms. The centre piece is preceded and followed by the discussion of the means that will secure a well-ordered polis (City). Part II, no. 1, concerns marriage, the community of people and goods for the Guardians, and the restraints on warfare among the Hellenes. It describes a partially communistic polis. Part II, no. 4, deals with the philosophical education of the rulers who will preserve the order and character of the city-state.In Part II, the Embodiment of the Idea, is preceded by the establishment of the economic and social orders of a polis (Part I), followed by an analysis (Part III) of the decline the order must traverse. The three parts compose the main body of the dialogues, with their discussions of the “paradigm”, its embodiment, its genesis, and its decline.The Introduction and the Conclusion are the frame for the body of the Republic. The discussion of right order is occasioned by the questions: “Is Justice better than Injustice?” and “Will an Unjust man fare better than a Just man?” The introductory question is balanced by the concluding answer: “Justice is preferable to Injustice”. In turn, the foregoing are framed with the Prologue (Book I) and the Epilogue (Book X). The prologue is a short dialogue about the common public doxai (opinions) about “Justice”. Based upon faith, and not reason, the Epilogue describes the new arts and the immortality of the soul. ? About Author: Plato (Greek: Platon, " 428/427 or 424/423 BC – 348/347 BC) was a philosopher in Classical Greece. He was also a mathematician, student of Socrates, writer of philosophical dialogues, and founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. Along with his mentor, Socrates, and his most-famous student, Aristotle, Plato helped to lay the foundations of Western philosophy and science. Alfred North Whitehead once noted: "the safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato." Plato's sophistication as a writer is evident in his Socratic dialogues; thirty-six dialogues and thirteen letters have been ascribed to him, although 15–18 of them have been contested. Plato's writings have been published in several fashions; this has led to several conventions regarding the naming and referencing of Plato's texts. Plato's dialogues have been used to teach a range of subjects, including philosophy, logic, ethics, rhetoric, religion and mathematics. Plato is one of the most important founding figures in Western philosophy. His writings related to the Theory of Forms, or Platonic ideals, are basis for Platonism. ? Early lifeThe exact time and place of Plato's birth are not known, but it is certain that he belonged to an aristocratic and influential family. Based on ancient sources, most modern scholars believe that he was born in Athens or Aegina between 429 and 423 BC. His father was Ariston. According to a disputed tradition, reported by Diogenes Laertius, Ariston traced his descent from the king of Athens, Codrus, and the king of Messenia, Melanthus. Plato's mother was Perictione, whose family boasted of a relationship with the famous Athenian lawmaker an

本书坚持马克思主义社会历史观的基本观和基本原理，在存在论的高度上阐释了马克思的生产、劳动、资本、现代和历史等概念。主要内容包括：历史唯物主义是科学的历史观、人类社会和自然界、生产力和生产关系、经济基础和上层建筑、社会意识、科学及其在社会历史中的地位和作用等。

Ce este dragostea? Cum poate fi explicat ceva at?t de intim, de misterios, de minunat? Autorul nu ??i propune s? ne dezv?luie vreun mare adev?r filosofic, nici s? ne ofere sfaturi practice. Nu ne ?nva?? cum s? avem orgasm sau cum s? sc?p?m de gelozie. Nu ne spune c? femeile g?ndesc cu o alt? parte a creierului dec?t b?rba?ii, nici nu ne arat? cum s? ne salv?m rela?ia. ?n schimb, ne ajut? s? ?n?elegem comportamentul sexual ?i social, dar ?i mecanismele din spatele unor reac?ii pe care le consider?m normale ?i fire?ti.?n c?utarea r?spunsului la ?ntrebarea Ce este dragostea?, Richard David Precht exploreaz? discipline dintre cele mai diverse: biologia, psihologia, sociologia, filosofia, chiar ?i chimia. De la fiecare vom afla c?te ceva despre dragoste: c?t de egoiste sunt genele noastre ?i c?t de mult ne influen?eaz?; ce este tipic comportamentului sexual feminin ?i celui masculin; c?t de mare este aportul culturii la capacitatea noastr? de a ne ?n?elege pe noi ?n?ine ?i de a ?n?elege lumea, ca femeie sau ca b?rbat; ce se ?nt?mpl?, de fapt, ?n creierul nostru c?nd iubim; care este diferen?a dintre dragoste ?i sex; de ce a devenit at?t de important? pentru noi dragostea romantic?.?n final, afl?m c? dragostea nu are explica?ie. Ea nu poate fi dec?t tr?it?!

《道德情操论》是亚当·斯密的伦理学著作，首次出版于1759年，斯密去世前共出版过六次。主要阐明了道德情感的本质、道德评价的性质以及他的以“公民的幸福生活”为目标的伦理思想。亚当·斯密把人本性中的同情的情感作为阐释道德的基础，他用同情的原理来解释人类正义感和其它一切道德情感的根源，来说明道德评价的性质，并以此为基础表明各种基本美德的特征。

《庄子》是继《老子》之后体现道家学说的重要作品。现今通行的《庄子》一书分为内篇、外篇、杂篇三部分，共33篇。它既是一部哲学著作，又散发着浓厚的浪漫主义色彩，更深刻地影响了后世的文学创作。鲁迅曾评价说：“其文汪洋辟阖、仪态万方，晚周诸子之作，莫能先也。”《庄子诵读本》（插图版）是“中华经典诵读工程配套读本”之一，专为4—12岁的少年儿童编写，我们依据权威版本选录《庄子》，并附有拼音，对难字、难词、难句做了精炼、准确、易懂的注释，同时，配有大量与文字密切关联的图片，让读者在愉悦的审美中品味经典的魅力。

本书是尼采的重要作品之一。《朝霞》1881年问世，1887年新版并附有一篇前言，它在著作史上位于《人性的，太人性的》第二部分（1880）与《快乐的科学》（1882）之间。《朝霞》分为五卷，每卷分为长短不同的节，少只有一两行，多则一两页，甚至偶尔长达三页以上。该书比较详细的部分，特别是前三卷，有像随笔式的短文，其思想素描与其说是巨细无遗的不如说是钩玄提要的。在下来的讨论中，特别是在第四卷中，每段要更短一些，带有圣经经文的思想风格。寥寥几个句子甚至单独一个句子构成浓缩的和凝练的格言，好像压缩甚至过度压缩的短文。

本选题是复旦大学“当代中国马克思主义研究工程”丛书之一。主要对马克思主义美学的原理、思潮、学派和学科史展研究，密切联系当代美学实践，既关注马克思主义美学与中国传统美学思想的结合、创新，重视马克思主义美学的经典性与时代性、本土性、民族性的结合，也重视对非马克思主义美学思潮的研究，回答它们对马克思主义美学的质疑和挑战。

礼仪，是人类精神文明长期发展与演变的产物。它既是人们日常交流不可缺少的工具，也是村落、族群、团体、国家之间往来的规则与约定。佛教与儒家在我国长期的历史发展中，积累了丰富的礼仪规范，产生了广泛而深远的影响。本书收录的论文，既有对某种佛教礼仪的特别解读，也有对儒家礼乐的深探讨；既有推陈出新、关注现实之作，也有重在礼仪传承意义的论述。资料翔实，论证有据，适合对佛教、儒家及中国传统文化感兴趣的读者阅读。

本书是尼采晚年代表作之一。由两个篇幅较小的部分组成。《瓦格纳事件：尼采反瓦格纳》一书对瓦格纳的批判，标志着尼采与德国著名作曲家的决裂。在哲学家看来，瓦格纳过多地参与了“民意”运动和反犹太主义运动。尼采指责瓦格纳只是影响欧洲的一种“疾病”——虚无主义的症状。尼采在《瓦格纳事件：尼采反瓦格纳》中预见到了他对艺术本质的一些思考。 

新中国成立70年以来，马克思主义经典著作在中国的编译与传播，既是马克思主义中国化的首要前提，又是实现马克思主义中国化的基本途径。自新中国成立以来到1978年改革放时期，是中国历史发展的一个十分重要的特殊阶段，也构成了马克思主义经典著作编译传播史上的一个十分重要的特殊阶段。本书对这一时期马克思主义经典著作编译与传播的社会历史条件、编译与出版机构的建立与完善，以及编译与传播的重要阶段、主要类别、基本特征、传播途径及对马克思主义中国化的历史影响与现实启示等方面行深研究，梳理马克思主义经典著作版本演化的历史轨迹，总结经典文本编译与传播的经验教训，揭示其在推动马克思主义中国化过程中的历史作用和当代价值。

本书采用一种互文式的解读方案和放性的研究策略，将研究的理论目光投射在德里达的早期（从1953年至1967年）思想上并重解读了德里达的三本著作：《胡塞尔哲学中的生成问题》《胡塞尔<几何学的起源>引论》以及《声音与现象》。本书的主线试图详尽、客观、不带目的论色彩地重构德里达解构思想从胡塞尔现象学中潜滋暗长、走向成熟的历史轨迹，尤其是德里达解构思想的三个核心原理——差异原理、延迟原理和“充替”原理——的生发过程；本书的副线从胡塞尔和德里达的原始文本出发，对两个不同视域的并置、启发和融合行了细致微的考察，同时尖锐地批评了德里达对胡塞尔现象学的误解、挪用和阉割并由此挑明胡塞尔思想的博大精深和顽强的生命力。

《理想国》一书是古希腊哲学家柏拉图重要的哲学作品，是古希腊哲学的*之作，在思想史上具有十分重要的地位。《理想国》涉及柏拉图思想体系的诸多方面，包括哲学、伦理、教育、文艺、政治等内容，宗旨是探讨理想国家的问题。全书以对话的形式展，柏拉图借苏格拉底之口，通过其与他人的对话，设计了一个真善美相统一的政体，即可以达到公正的理想国家。全书语言富有文学色彩，充满了思辨哲理，对我们认识了解西方古代哲学思想有一定的参考价值。

1930年春，罗振玉应日本学者松崎鹤雄之邀，讲清朝学术源流概略。该书的主体内容即为罗振玉讲述、松崎鹤雄日文译注、大连耆宿穆传金中译的《清朝学术源流概略》。书中先从追溯清之前的历代学术变迁手，对先秦至明代的历朝学术予以简单评述，以此作为讨论清代学术的前提和基础。着对有清一代的整体学术面貌，从学术渊源、学术流派、研究方法、学术得失等四个方面行叙述和评价。在编校过程中，以罗氏文集中的《本朝学术源流概略》作为参照。为了使读者和研究者尽可能较为全面地知晓罗氏的学术史论，并了解这些史论所由发生之语境，本书还收了罗氏《古今学术之递变》、《扶桑两月记》、《五十日梦痕录》、《集蓼编》、《海宁王忠悫公传》、《狩野君山博士六十寿序》、《与柯凤荪学士书》等文，并将柯昌泗的《吊上虞罗先生》、董作宾的《罗雪堂先生传略》作为附录。

此次整理，以的全本《道藏》本为底本，以《道藏》中单行的玄宗注疏、敦煌文书中的玄宗注疏，以及本书征引的其他文献和后于本书的历代老子注本中所引的杜氏文句作校本，进行标点、校勘,于紧要处稍加注释，并把岛田翰《古文旧书考》钞录的日本宫内厅所藏日钞本上的五篇序言，以及根据岛田翰《古文旧书考》编制的“日藏嘉定手钞本与《道藏》本卷次分合对照表”收作附录。

《当代外国伦理思想》对日本、印度、韩国、朝鲜、新加坡、英国、法国、美国、德国，以及从苏联到独联体的当代伦理思想分别作了比较系统的研究和阐述。本书是按东西方顺序分章的，各国按头字笔画排列先后。这样编章，按国家和地区分别阐述当代外国伦理思想，与按思潮和学派阐述外国伦理思想的著作不同，它可以使读者集中、完整地了解和认识有关国家和地区的当代伦理思想，为伦理学研究者进行东西方伦理思想的比较研究，提供难得的现成资料和研究成果。