"Hast thou seen that lordly castle,?That castle by the sea??Golden and red above it?The clouds float gorgeously." ??Do you remember Gratian—Gratian Conyfer, the godson of the four winds, the boy who lived at the old farmhouse up among the moors, where these strange beautiful sisters used to meet? Do you remember how full of fancies and stories Gratian's little head was, and how sometimes he put them into words to please Fergus, the lame child he loved so much? ??The story I am now going to tell you is one of these. I think it was their favourite one. I can not say that it is in the very words in which Gratian used to tell it, for it was not till long, long after those boyish days that it came to be written down. But all the same it is his story. About Author: Mary Louisa Molesworth, née Stewart (1839 – 1921) was an English writer of children's stories who wrote for children under the name of Mrs Molesworth. Her first novels, for adult readers, Lover and Husband (1869) to Cicely (1874), appeared under the pseudonym of Ennis Graham. She was born in Rotterdam, a daughter of Charles Augustus Stewart (1809–1873) who later became a rich merchant in Manchester and his wife Agnes Janet Wilson (1810–1883). Mary had three brothers and two sisters. She was educated in Great Britain and Switzerland: much of her girlhood was spent in Manchester. In 1861 she married Major R. Molesworth, nephew of Viscount Molesworth; they legally separated in 1879. Mrs Molesworth is best known as a writer of books for the young, such as Tell Me a Story (1875), Carrots (1876), The Cuckoo Clock (1877), The Tapestry Room (1879), and A Christmas Child (1880). She has been called "the Jane Austen of the nursery," while The Carved Lions (1895) "is probably her masterpiece." In the judgement of Roger Lancelyn Green: Mary Louisa Molesworth typified late Victorian writing for girls. Aimed at girls too old for fairies and princesses but too young for Austen and the Brontes, books by Molesworth had their share of amusement, but they also had a good deal of moral instruction. The girls reading Molesworth would grow up to be mothers; thus, the books emphasized Victorian notions of duty and self-sacrifice. Typical of the time, her young child characters often use a lisping style, and words may be misspelt to represent children's speech—"jography" for geography, for instance.She took an interest in supernatural fiction. In 1888, she published a collection of supernatural tales under the title Four Ghost Stories, and in 1896 a similar collection of six tales under the title Uncanny Stories. In addition to those, her volume Studies and Stories includes a ghost story entitled "Old Gervais" and her Summer Stories for Boys and Girls includes "Not exactly a ghost story." A new edition of The Cuckoo Clock was published in 1914.

Paris, iulie 1942: Sarah, o feti?? evreic? ?n v?rst? de zece ani, este arestat? ?n toiul nop?ii, ?mpreun? cu p?rin?ii ei, de poli?ia francez?, dar nu ?nainte de a-?i ?ncuia fratele ?n ascunz?toarea lor secret?, convins? fiind c? se va ?ntoarce dup? numai c?teva ore pentru a-l elibera.Paris, mai 2002: Julia, o jurnalist? american?, stabilit? de mul?i ani la Paris ?i m?ritat? cu un francez, trebuie s? scrie un articol despre razia de la Vel’ d’Hiv, cu ocazia comemor?rii a ?aizeci de ani de la acest eveniment de trist? amintire ?n istoria Fran?ei. ?n timpul investiga?iei sale, Julia descoper? ?nt?mpl?tor o serie de secrete de familie ad?nc ?ngropate, care o leag? de Sarah, ?i simte nevoia de a reconstitui destinul tragic al fetei. Pe m?sur? ce se ad?nce?te ?n trecutul ei, lucrurile pe care le afl? o tulbur? ?i o fac s?-?i pun? ?ntreb?ri cu privire la propria existen??.Se numea Sarah este povestea ?nduio??toare a dou? familii unite de un secret teribil, dar ?i o tulbur?toare pagin? de istorie: Tatiana de Rosnay descrie un episod real din Fran?a aflat? sub ocupa?ie ?i rupe t?cerea care ?nconjoar? un subiect dureros, uneori chiar tabu, din istoria francezilor.

The Financier, a novel by Theodore Dreiser Published in 1912, is the first volume of the Trilogy of Desire, which includes The Titan (1914) and The Stoic (1947).? ?? SUMMARY:?? In Philadelphia, Frank Cowperwood, whose father is a banker, makes his first money passing by an auction sale, he successfully bids for seven cases of Castile soap, which he sells to a grocer the same day with a profit of over 70 percent. Later, he gets a job in Henry Waterman & Company, and leaves it for Tighe & Company. He also marries an affluent widow, in spite of his young age. Over the years, he starts misusing municipal funds with the aid of the City Treasurer. ??? In 1871, the Great Chicago Fire redounds to a stock market crash, prompting him to be bankrupt and exposed. Although he attempts to browbeat his way out of being sentenced to jail by intimidating Mr Stener, politicians from the Republican Party use their influence to use him as a scapegoat for their own corrupt practices. Meanwhile, he has an affair with Aileen Butler, a young girl, subsequent to losing faith in his wife. She vows to wait for him after his jail sentence. Her father, Mr Butler dies; she grows apart from her family.

Am mplinit, la 3 martie anul acesta, 81 de ani. O via de om, cu bune i mai puin bune. Am fost martor i actor al multor evenimente, dintre care unele au schimbat cursul istoriei. n cteva dintre aceste schimbri se poate gsi i contribuia mea.[…] Trecerea n revist a istoriei celor 21 de ani de la Revoluia din Decembrie 1989, cu reuite i nereuite, cu experiene pozitive i negative, cu bune i cu rele, trebuie s fie prilej de nvminte pentru toi, s ne inspire pentru a gsi cile cele mai potrivite de redresare i de cuplare a Romniei la procesul n curs de construcie european, n condiiile adncirii procesului amplu de globalizare a economiei i a vieii sociale, n beneficiul tuturor cetenilor rii.“Sunt un om de stnga, nu neg i nu-mi reneg trecutul. Mi-l asum, cu toate ale lui. Dar nimeni nu-mi poate reproa lipsa bunei-credine n ceea ce am fcut. i nici faptul c nu a fi evoluat, c nu a fi nvat din leciile pe care viaa i oamenii mi le-au dat.[…] Nu m-a interesat puterea n sine i nu am folosit puterea pe care am avut-o pentru a face ru sau n interes personal. Puterea devine interesant doar n momentul n care ai un proiect, i ea devine un instrument pentru materializarea lui.Nimic nu corupe mai mult dect puterea. i trebuie s fii, moral vorbind, extrem de puternic pentru a nu te lsa corupt de putere. mi place s cred c pe mine puterea nu m-a corupt. Muli au fost uimii de modul firesc n care s-a fcut transferul de putere n 1996, dup ce domnul Emil Constantinescu a ctigat alegerile prezideniale. Cei care se ateptau la altceva nu m cunosc. Nu mi-am dorit puterea, n 1989, ci mi-am asumat o responsabilitate. Era normal s fiu primul care s respecte regulile la structurarea crora lucrase.[…] Formal, suntem o ar cu toate instituiile i mecanismele unei ri europene, membr a Uniunii Europene. n realitate, lucrurile sunt departe de a fi normale. Am fost i sunt contient de faptul c acestea sunt marile noastre slbiciuni, cele care ne mpiedic s progresm. Nu tiu s existe o soluie miraculoas care s ne vindece de aceste pcate. Cred doar c libertatea de circulaie i dreptul romnilor de a munci n Europa vor permite, n timp, schimbarea profund a Romniei.“

The Titan is a novel written by Theodore Dreiser in 1914. It is Dreiser's sequel to The Financier. Sometime after being released from prison, Frank invests in stocks subsequent to the Panic of 1873, and becomes a millionaire again. He decides to move out of Philadelphia and start a new life in the West. He moves to Chicago with Aileen and his attorney is finally able to persuade Lillian to agree to a divorce. Frank decides to take over the street-railway system. He bankrupts several opponents with the help of John J. McKenty and other political allies. Meanwhile, Chicago society finds out about his past in Philadelphia and the couple are no longer invited to dinner parties; after a while, the press turns on him too. Cowperwood is unfaithful many times. Aileen finds out about a certain Rita and beats her up. She gives up on him and has an affair with Polk Lynde, a man of privilege; she eventually loses faith in him. Meanwhile, Cowperwood meets young Berenice Fleming; by the end of the novel, he tells her he loves her and she consents to live with him. However, the ending is bittersweet as Cowperwood has not managed to obtain the fifty-year franchise for his railway schemes that he wanted.

O cas? perfect?. O familie perfect?. Un secret mortal…O t?n?r? mam?, blond? ?i dr?gu??, dispare din casa ei din South Boston, l?s?nd ?n urm? un singur martor – fiica de patru ani – ?i un so? chipe? ?i secretos.Din clipa ?n care detectivul D.D. Warren intr? ?n confortabila cas? a familiei Jones, instinctul ?i spune c? ceva nu este ?n regul? la imaginea de ansamblu pe care cuplul s-a str?duit at?t de mult s? o creeze.?n timp ce via?a unei femei disp?rute se afl? ?n pericol ?i o furtun? amenin?? s? izbucneasc? ?n pres?, D.D. trebuie s?-?i dea rapid seama dac? Jason Jones este vinovat sau doar ?ncearc? s? ascund? ceva. Prioritatea ei num?rul unu devine aceea de a sta ?n calea poten?ialului uciga? ?i de a ap?ra noua posibil? victim?, un copil nevinovat, care a v?zut – poate – prea multe.?Cel mai captivant roman al s?u de p?n? acum… [Gardner este] o povestitoare ne?ntrecut?.“ – The Providence Sunday Journal?Fascinant… extrem de antrenant… plin de r?sturn?ri de situa?ie spectaculoase.“ – Publishers Weekly?O carte care ?l pune pe g?nduri pe cititor ?i ?i produce fiori. O realizare de geniu marca Gardner!“ – Romantic Times Book Reviews?Iubitorii genului ar trebui s? fie avertiza?i s? ??i ?nchid? bine u?ile ?nainte de a se apuca de citit.“ – Bookpage?F?r? ?ndoial?, cel mai complex roman al lui Gardner… o adev?rat? ?nc?ntare pentru fanii autoarei.“ – Booklist Grand Prix des Lectrices de ELLE, 2011

Linda Blair, absolvent? de psihologie la Colegiul Wellesley din Massachusetts, a lucrat ?n cadrul unit??ii de comportament animal de la Medical Research Council, Universitatea Cambridge, studiind, ?mpreun? cu profesorul Robert Hinde, rela?iile dintre mam? ?i sugar la primate. A ob?inut ulterior o burs? la Harvard pentru a studia activit??ile de joc ?i dezvoltarea limbajului la copii ?i este psiholog clinician specializat ?n terapia cognitiv?.La sf?r?itul anilor 1980 a ?nceput s? ?in? prelegeri ?n ?coli ?i universit??i, pe tema adapt?rii la stresul examenelor. Particip? la emisiuni radio ?i TV ?i a publicat articole ?n The Guardian ?i ?n revista Psychologies. ?n prezent, semneaz? rubrici ?n The Times ?i ?n revista Junior.Este membr? a comitetului media pe care British Psychological Society ?l recomand? comentatorilor de pres?, radio ?i televiziune, membr? a British Psychological Society (unde este associate fellow) ?i a fost acreditat? de British Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Psychotherapies.

The electrical problems of the present day lie largely in the economical transmission of power and in the radical improvement of the means and methods of illumination. To many workers and thinkers in the domain of electrical invention, the apparatus and devices that are familiar, appear cumbrous and wasteful, and subject to severe limitations. They believe that the principles of current generation must be changed, the area of current supply be enlarged, and the appliances used by the consumer be at once cheapened and simplified. The brilliant successes of the past justify them in every expectancy of still more generous fruition.??The present volume is a simple record of the pioneer work done in such departments up to date, by Mr. Nikola Tesla, in whom the world has already recognized one of the foremost of modern electrical in-vestigators and inventors. No attempt whatever has been made here to emphasize the importance of his researches and discoveries. ??Great ideas and real inventions win their own way, determining their own place by intrinsic merit. But with the conviction that Mr. Tesla is blazing a path that electrical development must follow for many years to come, the compiler has endeavored to bring together all that bears the impress of Mr. Tesla's genius, and is worthy of preservation. Aside from its value as showing the scope of his inventions, this volume may be of service as indicating the range of his thought. There is intellectual profit in studying the push and play of a vigorous and original mind.?

gata! Mito? Micleu?anu (n. 1972), pictor, scriitor, muzician. Cofondator al proiectului ?Planeta Moldova“.

ALEXANDER the Great died when he was quite young. He was but thirty-two years of age when he ended his career, and as he was about twenty when he commenced it, it was only for a period of twelve years that he was actually engaged in performing the work of his life. Napoleon was nearly three times as long on the great field of human action.??Notwithstanding the briefness of Alexander's career, he ran through, during that short period, a very brilliant series of exploits, which were so bold, so romantic, and which led him into such adventures in scenes of the greatest magnificence and splendor, that all the world looked on with astonishment then, and mankind have continued to read the story since, from age to age, with the greatest interest and attention.??The secret of Alexander's success was his character. He possessed a certain combination of mental and per-sonal attractions, which in every age gives to those who exhibit it a mysterious and almost unbounded ascendency over all within their influence. Alexander was characterized by these qualities in a very remarkable degree. He was finely formed in person, and very prepossessing in his manners. He was active, athletic, and full of ardor and enthusiasm in all that he did.

ALFRED THE GREAT figures in history as the founder, in some sense, of the British monarchy. Of that long succession of sovereigns who have held the scepter of that monarchy, and whose government has exerted so vast an influence on the condition and welfare of mankind, he was not, indeed, actually the first. ??There were several lines of insignificant princes before him, who governed such portions of the kingdom as they individually possessed, more like semi-savage chieftains than English kings. Alfred followed these by the principle of hereditary right, and spent his life in laying broad and deep the foundations on which the enormous superstructure of the British empire has since been reared. If the tales respecting his character and deeds which have come down to us are at all worthy of belief, he was an honest, conscientious, disinterested, and farseeing statesman. ??If the system of hereditary succession would always furnish such sovereigns for mankind, the principle of loyalty would have held its place much longer in the world than it is now likely to do, and great nations, now republican, would have been saved a vast deal of trouble and toil expended in the election of their rulers.

HANNIBAL was a Carthaginian general. He acquired his great distinction as a warrior by his desperate contests with the Romans. Rome and Carthage grew up together on opposite sides of the Mediterranean Sea. For about a hundred years they waged against each other most dreadful wars. There were three of these wars. Rome was successful in the end, and Carthage was entirely destroyed.?There was no real cause for any disagreement between these two nations. Their hostility to each other was mere rivalry and spontaneous hate. They spoke a different language; they had a different origin; and they lived on opposite sides of the same sea. So they hated and devoured each other.?Those who have read the history of Alexander the Great, in this series, will recollect the difficulty he experienced in besieging and subduing Tyre, a great maritime city, situated about two miles from the shore, on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Cart-hage was originally founded by a colony from this city of Tyre, and it soon became a great commercial and maritime power like its mother. The Carthaginians built ships, and with them explored all parts of the Mediterranean Sea.

THERE were three great European nations in ancient days, each of which furnished history with a hero: the Greeks, the Carthaginians, and the Romans.??Alexander was the hero of the Greeks. He was King of Macedon, a country lying north of Greece proper. He headed an army of his countrymen, and made an excursion for conquest and glory into Asia. He made himself master of all that quarter of the globe, and reigned over it in Babylon, till he brought himself to an early grave by the excesses into which his boundless prosperity allured him. His fame rests on his triumphant success in building up for himself so vast an empire, and the admiration which his career has always excited among mankind is heightened by the consideration of his youth, and of the noble and generous impulses which strongly marked his character.??The ROMAN hero was CAESAR. He was born just one hundred years before the Christian era. His renown does not depend, like that of Alexander, on foreign conquests, nor, like that of Hannibal, on the terrible energy of his aggressions upon foreign foes, but upon his protracted and dreadful contests with, and ultimate triumphs over, his rivals and competitors at home.

O radiografie hermeneutic? a unor c?r?i-eveniment ce au v?zut lumina tiparului ?n perioada postdecembrist?, accentul fiind pus pe autorii interzi?i sub dictatur?, precum ?i pe c?r?ile poe?ilor ce devin, f?r? voia lor, o rara avis ?n societatea de tranzi?ie. Cartea se adreseaz? elevilor, studen?ilor, precum ?i publicului larg de cititori.

ELIZABETH was about three years old at the death of her mother. She was a princess, but she was left in a very forlorn and desolate condition. She was not, however, entirely abandoned. Her claims to inherit the crown had been set aside, but then she was, as all admitted, the daughter of the king, and she must, of course, be the object of a certain degree of consideration and ceremony. It would be entirely inconsistent with the notions of royal dignity which then prevailed to have her treated like an ordinary child.??Next came Elizabeth, who was about fourteen years of age. She was the daughter of the king's second wife, Queen Anne Boleyn. She had been educated a Protestant. She was not pretty, but was a very lively and sprightly child, altogether different in her cast of character and in her manners from her sister Mary.??Then, lastly, there was Edward, the son of Jane Seymour, the third queen. He was about nine years of age at his father's death. He was boy of good character, mild and gentle in his position, fond of study and reflection, and a general favorite with all who knew him.

Un aspect atractiv al prezentei ediii st n capacitatea sa de a fi o lectur plcut i practic, rmnnd n acelai timp un document tiinific util deopotriv cercettorilor i publicului general. Pentru specialiti, cartea de fa poate reprezenta o schimbare agreabil de ritm (de la materialele de studiu obinuite), care, totui, nu face rabat seriozitii tiinifice. De asemenea, att pentru cercettori ct i pentru publicul larg, cartea aceasta poate fi considerat o modalitate de a demonstra c, printr-o prezentare adecvat, ceea ce pare a fi doar un text tiinific fad se poate dovedi a fi, n realitate, un text plin de via, folositor i relevant pentru toata lumea.“ – Robert B. Cialdini

THIS BOOK is written for all little lads and lasses, but especially for the former, since it is the true—quite true—story of a little lad who lived to be, perhaps, the greatest king this world has ever seen.?It is a strange, wild tale this of the adventures of Prince Akbar among the snowy mountains between Kandahar and Kabul, and though the names may be a bit of a puzzle at first, as they will have to be learned by and bye in geography and history lessons, it might be as well to get familiar with them in a story-book; though, indeed, as everybody in it except Roy the Rajput, Meroo the cook boy; Tumbu, the dog; and Down, the cat (and these four may have been true, you know, though they have not been remembered) really lived, I don't know whether this book oughtn't to be considered real history, and therefore??A LESSON BOOK:??"Anyhow, I hope you won't find it dull."??STORIES:?FAREWELL ?THE FIRST VICTORY ?THE ROYAL UMBRELLA ?TUMBU-DOWN ?ON THE ROAD ?AT COURT ?WINTER?DOWN'S STRATAGEM?SPRING ?THE NIGHT OF RECORD ?A WINTER MARCH?SNOW AND ICE ?OVER THE PASS ?IN THE VALLEY?DEAREST-LADY?CRUEL BROTHER KUMRAN?IMPRISONMENT?THE GARDEN OF GAMES?BETWIXT CUP AND LIP?ESCAPED?DAWN

THERE are numerous time-honored stories which have become so incorporated into the literature and thought of our race that a knowledge of them is an indispensable part of one's education. These stories are of several different classes. To one class belong the popular fairy tales which have delighted untold generations of children, and will continue to delight them to the end of time. To another class belong the limited number of fables that have come down to us through many channels frorn hoar antiquity. To a third belong the charming stories of olden times that are derived from the literatures of ancient peoples, such as the Greeks and the Hebrews. A fourth class includes the half-legendary tales of a distinctly later origin, which have for their subjects certain romantic episodes in the lives of well-known heroes and famous men, or in the history of a people.??It is to this last class that most of the fifty stories contained in the present volume belong. As a matter of course, some of these stories are better known, and therefore more famous, than others. Some have a slight historical value; some are useful as giving point to certain great moral truths; others are products solely of the fancy, and are intended only to amuse. Some are derived from very ancient sources, and are current in the literature of many lands; some have come to us through the ballads and folk tales of the English people.

Prin u?ile l?sate vrai?teDe cei ce nu se mai ?ntorcPrin pere?ii pe care i?i zg?riar?ViseleD? buzna glasul mul?imiiCare se zbateDeja prins? ?ntre fireleIscusitei urzeli a paianjenilorPoliticiThrough the wide-open doorsBy those who never returnThrough the walls on which they’d scratchedTheir dreamsThe voice barges through from a crowdWhich is strugglingAlreadz trappedIn the skillfullz/woven webOf the spiders of politics

THE author of this work makes no pretense of originality in the telling of these stories of olden times. They have been gleaned from many sources, and are the common heritage of all who love to write them anew and hear them again. Only the words belong to the story teller; the story itself is as old as the race.??In the lapse of years and with the much telling of these stories there is no longer a line between fact and fiction. How much is true and how much is false does not matter; the story itself is the thing, and one need not worry whether it really happened or not. Much of it is palpable fiction, but much of it is true. Let us not be too critical of a story when it is a few hundred years old.??At any rate, the stories herein contained are a part of the great inheritance that the boys and girls of this day have received from the past, and to which they are entitled in all fullness and freedom. If the reading of them shall add anything to the enjoyment or to the information of those who are always young in heart because they always thrill at romance and adventure, the writer of these old time tales will be amply repaid.?LAWTON B. EVANS??1. JEROME AND THE LION?2. THE SAINT WHO STOOD ON A PILLAR?3. THE SCOURGE OF GOD?4. THE VANDAL HORDE?5. KING CLOVIS BECOMES A CHRISTIAN?6. A CAMEL DRIVER BECOMES A PROPHET?7. WHAT IT MEANT TO BE A KNIGHT?8. BERTHA WITH THE BIG FOOT?9. STORIES OF CHARLEMAGNE?10. CHARLEMAGNE AND THE MAGIC RING?11. CHARLEMAGNE AND THE ROBBER?12. ROLAND BECOMES A KNIGHT?13. THE DEATH OF ROLAND?14. HOW NORMANDY CAME BY ITS NAME?15. OLAF, THE BOY VIKING OF NORWAY?16. THE CID WINS HIS NAME?17. THE LAST DAYS OF THE CID?18. THE LORELEI?19. THE MOUSE TOWER?20. THE DEVIL'S LADDER?21. GERDA'S RIDE TO HER WEDDING?22. PETER THE HERMIT?23. THE WIVES OF WEINSBERG?24. THE MEETING OF KING RICHARD AND SALADIN?25. ADVENTURES OF RICHARD, THE LION HEART?26. THE PRINCE OF TRAVELERS?27. WILLIAM TELL, THE SWISS PATRIOT?28. EDWARD, THE BLACK PRINCE?29. BIG FERRE KEEPS THE FORT?30. THE LEGEND OF THE STRASSBURG CLOCK?31. THE BURGHERS OF GHENT REFUSE TO BE HANGED?32. THE SACRIFICE OF ARNOLD WINKELRIED?33. THE STORY OF JOAN OF ARC?34. BAYARD, THE KNIGHT WITHOUT FEAR AND WITHOUT REPROACH?35. THE FIELD OF THE CLOTH OF GOLD?36. DMITRI, THE PRETENDER?37. THE MAN WITH THE IRON MASK?38. STORIES OF PETER THE GREAT?39. MAZEPPA, THE CHIEF OF THE COSSACKS?40. THE CRIME OF CHARLOTTE CORDAY

THE Spanish peninsula, separated from France on the north by the Pyrenees, and bounded on the three remaining sides by the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, con-tains an area of 225,600 square miles, being a little larger than France. Nature has reared a very formidable barrier between Spain and France, for the Pyrenees, extending in a straight line 250 miles in length, from the Bay of Biscay to the Mediterranean, and often rising in peaks more than ten thou-sand feet in height, offer but three defiles which carriages can traverse, though there are more than a hundred passes which may be surmounted by pedestrians or the sure-footed mule. The soil is fertile; the climate genial and salubrious; and the face of the country, diversified with meadows and mountains, presents, in rare combination, the most attractive features both of loveliness and sublimity.?History does not inform us when and how this beautiful peninsula—called Hispania by the Romans—first became in-habited. Whether the earliest emigrants crossed the straits of Gibraltar from Africa, or came from Asia, coasting the shores of the Mediterranean, or descended from France through the defiles of the Pyrenees, can now never be known. The first glimpse we catch of Spain, through the haze of past ages, reveals to us the country inhabited by numerous barbaric tri-bes, fiercely hostile to each other, and constantly engaged in bloody wars. The mountain fastnesses were infested with robber bands, and rapine and violence everywhere reigned. The weapons grasped by these fierce warriors consisted of lances, clubs, and slings, with sabres and hatchets, of rude fashion but of keen edge. Their food was mainly nuts and ro-ots. Their clothing consisted of a single linen garment, girded around the waist; and a woollen tunic, surmounted by a cloth cap, descended to the feet. As in all barbarous nations, the hard work of life was performed by the women.??The names even of most of these tribes have long since perished; a few however have been transmitted to our day, such as the Celts, the Gallicians, the Lusitanians, and the Iberians. Several ages before the foundations of Rome or of Carthage were laid, it is said that the Phoenicians, exploring in their commercial tours the shores of the Mediterranean, established a mercantile colony at Cadiz. The colonists growing rich and strong, extended their dominions and founded the cities of Malaga and Cordova. About 800 years before Christ, a colony from Rhodes settled in the Spanish peninsula, and established the city of Rosas. Other expeditions, from various parts of Greece, also planted colonies and engaged in successful traffic with the Spanish natives.??Four hundred years before Christ, the Carthaginian republic was one of the leading powers, and Carthage was one of the most populous and influential cities on the globe. The Carthaginians crossed the narrow straits which separate Africa from Spain, landed in great strength upon the Spanish peninsula, and, after a short but severe conflict, subdued the foreign colonies there, brought the native Spaniards into subjection, and established their own supremacy over all the southern coast. Cadiz became the central point of Carthaginian power, from whence the invaders constantly extended their conquests. Though many of the interior tribes maintained for a time a sort of rude and ferocious independence, still Carthage gradually assumed dominion over the whole of Spain.??In the year 235 B.C., Hamilcar, the father of the illustrious Hannibal, compelled nearly all the tribes of Spain to ack-nowledge his sway. For eight years Hamilcar waged almost an incessant battle with the Spaniards. Still it was merely a military possession which he held of the country, and he erected Barcelona and several other fortresses, where his soldiers could bid defiance to assaults, and could overawe the surrounding inhabitants.