DAVID HUME (1711 – 1776) was a Scottish philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist known especially for his philosophical empiricism and skepticism. He was one of the most important figures in the history of Western philosophy and the Scottish Enlightenment. Hume is often grouped with John Locke, George Berkeley, and a handful of others as a British Empiricist. Beginning with his A Treatise of Human Nature (1739), Hume strove to create a total naturalistic "science of man" that examined the psychological basis of human nature. In stark opposition to the rationalists who preceded him, most notably Descartes, he concluded that desire rather than reason governed human behaviour, saying: "REASON IS, and OUGHT ONLY to BE the SLAVE of the PASSIONS". A prominent figure in the sceptical philosophical tradition and a strong empiricist, he argued against the existence of innate ideas, concluding instead that humans have knowledge only of things they directly experience.. NOTHING is more usual and more natural for those, who pretend to discover anything new to the world in philosophy and the sciences, than to insinuate the praises of their own systems, by decrying all those, which have been advanced before them. And indeed were they content with lamenting that ignorance, which we still lie under in the most important questions, that can come before the tribunal of human reason, there are few, who have an acquaintance with the sciences, that would not readily agree with them. It is easy for one of judgment and learning, to perceive the weak foundation even of those systems, which have obtained the greatest credit, and have carried their pretensions highest to accurate and profound reasoning. Principles taken upon trust, consequences lamely deduced from them, want of coherence in the parts, and of evidence in the whole, these are every where to be met with in the systems of the most eminent philosophers, and seem to have drawn disgrace upon philosophy itself. Nor is there required such profound knowledge to discover the present imperfect condition of the sciences, but even the rabble without doors may, judge from the noise and clamour, which they hear, that all goes not well within. There is nothing which is not the subject of debate, and in which men of learning are not of contrary opinions. The most trivial question escapes not our controversy, and in the most momentous we are not able to give any certain decision. Disputes are multiplied, as if every thing was uncertain; and these disputes are managed with the greatest warmth, as if every thing was certain. Amidst all this bustle it is not reason, which carries the prize, but eloquence; and no man needs ever despair of gaining proselytes to the most extravagant hypothesis, who has art enough to represent it in any favourable colours. The victory is not gained by the men at arms, who manage the pike and the sword; but by the trumpeters, drummers, and musicians of the army. From hence in my opinion arises that common prejudice against metaphysical reasonings of all kinds, even amongst those, who profess themselves scholars, and have a just value for every other part of literature. By metaphysical reasonings, they do not understand those on any particular branch of science, but every kind of argument, which is any way abstruse, and requires some attention to be comprehended. We have so often lost our labour in such researches, that we commonly reject them without hesitation, and resolve, if we must for ever be a prey to errors and delusions, that they shall at least be natural and entertaining. And indeed nothing but the most determined scepticism, along with a great degree of indolence, can justify this aversion to metaphysics. For if truth be at all within the reach of human capacity, it is certain it must lie very deep and abstruse: and to hope we shall arrive at it without pains, while the greatest geniuses have failed with the utmost pains..

Cartea de fa??, pe care cititorul o ?ine acum ?n m?n?, reprezint? o form? – literar vorbind, foarte complex?, fiindc? ea evolueaz? pe mai multe voci narative, dintre care doar unele ?i apar?in ?n mod direct autoarei – de exorcism. Geniul inimii e r?spunsul unui poet la o experien?? personal? plenitudinar?, ?n care bucuria ?i suferin?a se ?ntrep?trund reciproc pentru a exprima, ?mpreun? ?i tensionat, starea de gra?ie. Exist? o voce a experien?ei biografice ?n aceast? carte scris? febril, o alta de martor sau de participant la istorie, tot a?a cum exist? o voce a puterii ?i una a victimei. Deasupra tuturor st?, ?ns?, nu neap?rat triumf?toare, dar lucid-cerebral?, chemarea celor dou? credin?e pentru care merit? s? tr?ie?ti ?i s?-?i rememorezi via?a atunci c?nd ai ajuns cu ea la r?sp?ntie: credin?a ?n cultura modelelor care te-au precedat ?i credin?a deloc ingenu?, ci ivit? din cunoa?tere, ?n sacralitatea profund? a celor tr?ite ?i ?n transcenden??. (?tefan Borbély) A considera un text drept ?carte a ilumin?rilor mele“ ?i a a?eza ca titlu al primei p?r?i a volumului sintagma Povestea subteranei ne plaseaz? sub semnul aproape imposibil al drumului c?tre Sine, al cuprinderii, al denud?rii ?i al efortului de a ?n?elege un obiect al c?rui adev?r se va afla ?ntotdeauna ?n proximitatea pe?terii lui Platon. E un demers perpetuat, dar niciodat? epuizat ?i aproape exclus din plasma comunic?rii, care – ?n situa?ia ?romanului“ Aurei Christi – nu are coresponden?e, nu se apropie de experien?a budhist?, nici de prerogativele ocultismului de New Age, ci ne aduce ?n vecin?tatea ?ndemnului de pe frontispiciul templului lui Apollo din Delphi, preluat apoi, ca solu?ie ?ntre a fi ?i a p?rea, de c?tre Socrate: ?Cunoa?te-te pe tine ?nsu?i!“. Po?i ?nt?lni, pe acest drum, ?i acel daimonion care a str?juit g?ndirea aceluia?i ?n?elept atenian ca alt? fa?? a ?subteranelor“ fiin?ei, acolo unde lumina se ?ngem?neaz? cu ?ntunericul, stare ?poetizat?“ de Goethe, dar pr?bu?it? ?n tragic de Dostoievski. E o cobor?re spre ?n?elegere prin cuprindere ?i, implicit, prin atingerea nelimitatului. (Mircea Braga) Cartea Aurei Christi Geniul inimii pare o st?nc? masiv?, singuratic?, ?ntr-un peisaj ?mioritic“. Geniul inimii are originalitate ?i for??. Prima parte e liric?, a doua (?ntr-un fel) – o comedie negru-satiric?, a treia – predominant epic-narativ?. Prima parte este excelent?; mi-am ?nsemnat un num?r de poezii memorabile. A doua, ?n centrul ei mai ales, are sec?iuni, pasaje extrem de interesant-pl?cute-amuzante, ?n pofida tonului, uneori, foiletonistic. A treia e impresionant? ?n ansamblu, armonios-coerent?, de o sinceritate sf??ietoare. ?n tot volumul, istoricul, religiosul, subiectivul se leag? foarte frumos ?ntre ele. Nu-mi plac laudele la adresa lui Nietzsche! De fapt, cum se leag? acest autor de Biblie, de Evanghelii?! Aura Christi poate fi m?ndr? de o realizare major?, cu totul original?. Probabil, nu l-a citit pe romanticul britanic Wordsworth; dar el e cel care a scris (sau a ?nceput s? scrie) o memorabil? autobiografie ?n versuri. Pu?ini l-au continuat. Am putea spune c? Aura se num?r? printre cei pu?ini. (Virgil Nemoianu)

A fi rom?n? ?E o ru?ine!“, exclama Cioran. ?n ce m?sur? filosoful de la Paris avea dreptate? Ce ?nseamn? ?a fi rom?n“ ?ntr-o fals? tranzi?ie care aparent nu se mai termin?? La aceste ?i multe alte ?ntreb?ri ?ncearc? s? r?spund? scriitorul Ionel Necula ?n opus-ul de fa??, care ?nsumeaz? analize ale r?sturn?rilor sociale evidente, ?nregistrate ?n ultimii ?aptesprezece ani. Nu ?ntotdeauna comod, spiritul coroziv al autorului ??i spune cuv?ntul, av?nd uneori accente incendiare.

Ralph Waldo Emerson, was born at Boston in 1803 into a distinguished family of New England Unitarian ministers. His was the eighth generation to enter the ministry in a dynasty that reached back to the earliest days of Puritan America. Despite the death of his father when Emerson was only eleven, he was able to be educated at Boston Latin School and then Harvard, from which he graduated in 1821. After several years of reluctant school teaching, he returned to the Harvard Divinity School, entering the Unitarian ministry during a period of robust ecclesiastic debate. By 1829 Emerson was married and well on his way to a promising career in the church through his appointment to an important congregation in Boston. However, his career in the ministry did not last long. Following the death of his first wife, Ellen, his private religious doubts led him to announce his resignation to his congregation, claiming he was unable to preach a doctrine he no longer believed and that "to be a good minister it was necessary to leave the ministry."With the modest legacy left him from his first wife, Emerson was able to devote himself to study and travel. In Europe he met many of the important Romantic writers whose ideas on art, philosophy, and literature were transforming the writing of the Nineteenth Century. He also continued to explore his own ideas in a series of voluminous journals which he had kept from his earliest youth and from which virtually all of his literary creation would be generated. Taking up residence in Concord, Massachusetts, Emerson devoted himself to study, writing and a series of public lectures in the growing lyceum movement. From these lyceum addresses Emerson developed and then in 1836 published his most important work, Nature. Its publication also coincided with his organizing role in the Transcendental Club, a group of leading New England educators, clergy, and intellectuals interested in idealistic religion, philosophy, and literature.

The Prince (Italian: Il Principe) is a political treatise by the Italian diplomat, historian and political theorist Niccolò Machiavelli. From correspondence a version appears to have been distributed in 1513, using a Latin title, De Principatibus (About Principalities). But the printed version was not published until 1532, five years after Machiavelli's death. This was done with the permission of the Medici pope Clement VII, but "long before then, in fact since the first appearance of the Prince in manuscript, controversy had swirled about his writings" Although it was written as if it were a traditional work in the Mirror of Princes style, it is generally agreed that it was especially innovative, and not only because it was written in Italian rather than Latin. The Prince is sometimes claimed to be one of the first works of modern philosophy, in which the effective truth is taken to be more important than any abstract ideal. It was also in direct conflict with the dominant Catholic and scholastic doctrines of the time concerning how to consider politics and ethics. Although it is relatively short, the treatise is the most remembered of his works and the one most responsible for bringing "Machiavellian" into wide usage as a pejorative term. It also helped make "Old Nick" an English term for the devil, and even contributed to the modern negative connotations of the words "politics" and "politician" in western countries. In terms of subject matter it overlaps with the much longer Discourses on Livy, which was written a few years later. In its use of examples who were politically active Italians who perpetrated criminal deeds for politics, another lesser-known work by Machiavelli which The Prince has been compared to is the Life of Castruccio Castracani. The descriptions within The Prince have the general theme of accepting that ends of princes, such as glory, and indeed survival, can justify the use of immoral means to achieve those ends.

O que somos?De onde viemos?!Para onde vamos? A que caminhos a vida nos leva? Essas e outras quest?es aflitivas e de todos os tempos nos s?o solucionadas por León Denis neste opúsculo. Filho da dor, Denis sabe, como você também, o quanto viver, muitas vezes é sofrer. E por isso apresenta, de modo t?o leve a solu??o espírita, racional, para o problema do existir. Mais do que um livro de Filosofia espírita, você tem em m?os palavras de consolo e estímulo para que cada trope?o do caminho seja compreendido e por assim dizer, aproveitado! Venha acompanhar-nos nesta viagem e descubra, em rápidos parágrafos os porquês de sua vida, da nossa vida, do planeta, do Universo.? Aos poucos, entenderemos com a lógica espírita como tudo esta em seu devido lugar.

Dignità o miseria della natura umana? ?C'è un principio supposto prevalere tra molti che è del tutto incompatibile con ogni virtù o senso morale [...] Questo principio è che ogni benevolenza è mera ipocrisia, l'amicizia un inganno, lo spirito pubblico una farsa, la fedeltà un trucco per procurare fiducia e confidenza; e mentre tutti noi, in fondo, perseguiamo solo il nostro interesse privato, indossiamo questi bei travestimenti in modo da abbassare le difese degli altri ed esporli maggiormente alle nostre astuzie e macchinazioni?... Le meditazioni senza tempo di uno dei più grandi filosofi europei. SOMMARIO: Introduzione e avvertenza ai testi / Nota bibliografica: una mappa degli studi (di Fabrizio Pinna) - David Hume: Dignità o miseria della natura umana? / L'Amore di Sé. APPENDICE: Of the Dignity or Meanness of Human Nature; Of Self-love; My Own Life & Letter from Adam Smith, LL. D. to William Strahan, Esq.; Of the Reason of Animals; Of the Immortality of the Soul; Of Superstition and Enthusiasm; Of some Verbal Disputes. LE COLLANE IN/DEFINIZIONI & CON(TRO)TESTI

●从未有哪个时代像今天一样，科学让人类社会以肉眼可见的速度向前演化。这场两千多年的长程奔跑似乎来到了冲刺阶段，不断有人做出世界末日的预言，那么，科学*终带给我们的究竟是生存还是毁灭？科学研究的目的究竟是什么？科学能告诉我们*真理吗？ 带着这样的终极关怀，《人人都该懂的科学哲学》首先讲述了科学脱离哲学、独立成长的过程，然后以智慧设计论、弦理论、占星术、有神论、社会建构主义、女性主义等充满争议的问题为例，辨析了科学的定义、方法和目的，科学和社会的关系。伟大的科学哲学家亚里士多德、笛卡儿、休谟、培根、波普尔、库恩等纷纷出场，上演了一场绵亘数千年的*辩论。 面对未来的挑战，无论人类能否破解“公地悲剧”、实现星际殖民、活到长生不老，杰弗里·戈勒姆以科学哲学的视角安慰我们：“当生命终结，人类文化仍然存在，只不过是存在于过去。希望它永远存在就太过分了，无异于希望巴黎时时处处是春天。” ●《人人都该懂的科学哲学》属于湛庐文化重磅推出的“新核心素养”系列图书之一。本系列图书致力于推广通识阅读，扩展读者的阅读面，培养批判性思考的能力。其中涵盖了哲学、心理学、法律、艺术、物理学、生物科技等诸多人文科学和自然科学的知识，其中《人人都该懂的科学哲学》的内容涵盖了科学哲学的核心思想，让你一本书了解科学哲学的核心智慧。

"A megsemmisülés rejtélyes sz?vege egyszerre filozófiai traktátus, misztikus beavatás és poszthumán próza. A kortárs irodalomban egyre inkább feler?s?dik ez a nem-antropocentrikus hang, mely nem emberi sorsokat akar elbeszélni, hanem a nyelv és az ember k?z?s hiányt?rténetére mutat rá. ?Mennyien kapaszkodtak a létbe, mint egy végtelen fa t?rzsébe” - írja Horváth Márk és Lovász ?dám, hiszen az emberi állapot csak a társadalmi, nyelvi és metafizikai katasztrófa terében értelmezhet?. Apokaliptikus (neo)romantika és abszurd k?ltészet. Az utolsó ember kézik?nyve a túlélés lehetetlenségér?l."Nemes Z. Márió Az Idegenre hárult a sors ajándéka, hogy els?ként az utolsó emberek k?zu?l végignézze minden ku?ls?dleges k?telék pusztulását, és bizalmát lelkébe, s?t a lelkén is túlra helyezze, minden emberit maga m?g?tt hagyva. Minden ház gerendái k?z?tt barátságok és szerelmek jól táplált holttestei indultak oszlásnak, míg csak a csont fehérlett ki a vízb?l. Mint rég elhagyott kik?t?k tornyai, olyan hívogatóak voltak ezek a csontok az új kor embere számára.

"Wilde è profetico sin dalle prima righe, quando denuncia la prevalenza dell’emozione sulla razionalità, male principe del nostro tempo, e poi del pietismo sull’emancipazione, male di tanta politica di pseudo sinistra" (dall'Introduzione di Alfredo Sgarlato). Wilde: ?perché la vita raggiunga la sua più elevata perfezione, ci vuole qualche cosa di più. Ciò che ci vuole è l'individualismo?, ?Utopia? Una carta geografica del mondo in cui non sia segnato il paese dell'Utopia, non varrebbe la pena d'essere guardata, perché vi mancherebbe il paese in cui l'Umanità atterra ogni giorno. Ma non appena v'è sbarcata, ella guarda più lontano, scorge una terra ancora più bella, e spiega di nuovo le vele. Progredire significa realizzare l'Utopia?. SOMMARIO: Introduzione (di Alfredo Sgarlato) - Postfazione. Breve biblio-nota ai testi e alla traduzione (di Fabrizio Pinna) - OSCAR WILDE Società e libertà: elogio dell'individualismo - APPENDICE I Oscar Wilde, Rapporti fra il socialismo e l'individualismo (di Luigi Fabbri, 1913) - APPENDICE II The Soul of Man under Socialism (1891). LA COLLANA IN/DEFINIZIONI

本书围绕马克思主义哲学学科本质和学科基本问题，从三个方面论述了马克思主义理论学科学术规范的内涵：马克思主义理论学科的概况，包括基本建制、范畴和基本的研究操守；马克思主义理论学科学术研究的技术规范，即与研究的设计、写作、发表和评价等学术活动有关的基本程序、技术标准和规则；马克思主义理论学科独特的研究方法和体系。

《超越审美现代性》讨论的“政治美学”不是本来意义上作为aesthetics的美学，而是关于存在何以可能和哲学何以可能的一种先验形而上学。 本书把本来意义上的美学称为“文艺美学”，它有着极其深厚的理论传统，令人崇敬，正如伟大艺术作品深深感动着每个人。本书对艺术的批判和对文艺美学的批判完全是一种先验的政治的理论思维的结果。同理，本书以中世纪艺术为范本所揭示的艺术的象征性和创造性，也是运用理论思维对艺术本质所做的一种“先验演绎”，与对中世纪艺术的历史性研究不在同一个界面上。 早就有人把马克思学说的根本精神解读为一种美学，在本书所揭示的政治美学的意义上，马克思学说本质上必然是一种关于*美政制和*美人性何以可能的先验政治美学。

《儒学小史》是北大哲学系教授干春松面向大众读者普及儒学发展历程的令人倍感亲切的一部小书。此书以历时性结构组织全书章节，全面梳理儒学从先秦时期直至现代的发展历史。作者从儒家学派的特始着手，探讨分析不同时期“儒”的定位，在下来的每一章节内均概括提炼出不同历史时期儒学发展的几个关键问题与角度展论述，如先秦儒学中“仁”和“礼”的精神、孟子与荀子的学说，汉代儒学发展的关键人物董仲舒、魏晋玄学与儒学的关系、宋明理学、清代汉学与宋学等，并以较大篇幅着重对现代新儒学之概念、儒学发展的新方向以及新儒学谱系行了阐释。全书结构简洁，脉络清晰，不仅全方位地描述了儒家思想的内涵，勾勒出一幅儒学生发、演变的历史全景，更体现了作者对儒学分期的独特思考与对儒学使命的殷切关注。

《启蒙运动三书——社会契约论》，启近现代民主政治奠基之作，1789年法国大革命的先声！法国国家格言“自由、平等、博爱”的来源。《启蒙运动三书——社会契约论》，是一部政治哲学著作。它探讨的是政治权利的原理，它的主旨是为人民民主主权的建立奠定理论基础。它的问世，是时代的需要，是人类社会向前步的产物；它正确回答了历史程提出的问题：法国命运的航船驶向何方。人类是幸运的，人民是伟大的，在历史发展的紧要关头，总有人指引前的道路，人民总能及时做出正确的抉择。在18世纪的法国政治思想领域里，存在着三种改革国家政治制度的学说：孟德斯鸠主张立宪君主制，伏尔泰主张明的君主制，而卢梭主张民主共和制。

在古今中西激荡的全球化社会中，人应该如何相处。中国传统儒家伦理为全世界的文明提供了这样的伦理资源——我们不仅要关心自我外在的利益，而且也关心自我的内在美德，即“为己之学”，此外，儒家伦理也关心他人的福乐康宁，使他人具有仁义礼智，即“为人之学”，即为己和为人的合二为一。在冲突日益加剧的全球化时代中，这是以“主体性”为核心伦理准则的西方伦理学所欠缺的，而中国的儒家伦理学恰恰能够提供这样的资源，全球化时代正是中国哲学登场的时代。

　　本书作为一部传记体的思想史写作，向我们呈示出个体的生存际遇与章学诚思想的具体展之间的内在关联。从中，我们可以清楚地看到，个体的偶然遭际如何将章学诚带到一个又一个似乎与其本来志向无关的问题和工作面前，而他又如何一次又一次地沉迷在对这些偶然的题材的思考当中，并终从这些零碎的思考中通达出来，回归并丰富他的思想主题。 历史书写的方式与历史书写的品质，以及书籍分类系统与文章的品质之间的关系，作为两条彼此关联的思想主线，贯穿章学诚思考的始终。由此渐次展的校雠文史之学，以及以“六经皆器”为核心的历史哲学，只有深其思想整体的内在理路，才能获得充分而真切的理解。而这既是本书的着力，同时也是它*神彩的所在。

本书是为青年自学哲学编写的，分为辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义两大部分，广泛地反映了当时自然科学和社会科学的*成就，并力求对这些成就给予马克思列宁主义哲学的概括和总结。作者注重用理论来说明实践中出现的新问题、新情况、新现象，帮助读者树立科学的世界观和把握科学的方法论；既注意了内容的趣味性和形式的多样化，又体现了哲学原理的系统性和科学性。书中配有著名漫画家方成的哲理漫画，看后发人深思。本书版本采用中国青年出版社1982年版。

《20世纪西方哲学东渐史——20世纪西方哲学东渐史导论》围绕着西方哲学东渐与中国现代他的关系展，对20世纪西方哲学东渐行了一个初步的总结。作者从宏观上阐述了20世纪西方哲学东渐史的主要论题——它在中国近代社会发展过程中的必然性及其曲折历程、这个过程中中国学者的学术成果及其对中国社会的影晌、这个过程之所以曲折的根源以及从中应总结的经验和教训，展示了20世纪西方哲学东渐的整体面貌。作者认为，西方哲学东渐是适应中国社会迈向现代化过程中必然发生的重要的文化现象，对于推动中西文化交流具有重要意义。本书版本采用酋都师范大学出版社2002年版。 《20世纪西方哲学东渐史——中国本土文化视野下的西方哲学》作者以宏观叙事与个案透视相结合的方法，对20世纪中国重要的哲学家与哲学流派、哲学思潮的西方哲学观作了系统的清理与思考；在此基础上，将20世纪中国哲学家对待西方哲学的心态分为六种类型——一全盘西化型、以中拒西型、以中摄西型、援西中型、西体中用型、中西会通型，分别阐述他们在理解与诠释西方哲学时的中国本土文化视野。作者认为，这种本土文化视野影响与决定了他们受西方哲学的态度与立场，同时也景，日向了他们对重建中国哲学的立场。本书版本采用首都师范大学出版社2002年版。 《20世纪西方哲学东渐史——分析哲学在中国》的重在于阐述1949年之前分析哲学在中国的传播与发展的历史—撒代分析哲学在中国的传播，三四十年代中国自己的哲学思想体系的建构。作者认为，分析哲学在这一历史时期的传播和发展中所取得的成就*，在中国现代的纯哲学的建构中所发挥的作用*；中国的分析哲学家运用分析方法建立形而上学的哲学思想体系，是试图将中国传统哲学中的思想道德境界和现代逻辑分析方法结合起来，为中国传统的人生境界论寻找现代方法论的基础。本书版本采用首都师范大学出版社2002年版。 《20世纪西方哲学东渐史——化主义在中国》阐述了化主义思潮从19世纪末由西方传教士带人中国以来，对中国的思想、社会产生的影响。作者从中国化主义的诞生，化主义与渐变法思想、与激革命思想、与“五四”新文化运动的关系等方面，展示中国化主义的发展历程，认为化主义从一始就受到中国知识分子的青睐，成为晚清以来中国知识界和思想文化领域强有力的精神符号之一；自由主义者、无政府主义者、国家主义者、社会主义者、民族主义者等等，都从中找到了适合自己胃口的理论依据。本书版本采用首都师范大学出版社2002年版。

在本书中我曾试图以我所能达到的广阔的眼界来研究一个很大的问题：既然人们和世界触的时间短暂，观察事物又不免带有个人偏见和局限性，那以人们又是怎样得以获知他们的全部知识的？相信我们的知识这种信念有一部分是幻觉吗？如果不是，那么我们除了依靠感官之外，还必须知道些什么？我在以前写的一些书中谈过这个问题的某些部分，所以我只好在较大的文章结构中重复我在别处已经考察过的某些问题的讨论。但是我已经在不妨碍我的主题的条件下，对这类重复做了*的压缩。 本书的主要目的在于考察个人经验与科学知识整体之间的关系。我们一般都认为科学知识大体上是可以承认的。尽管怀疑主义在逻辑上无懈可，从心理学的观来讲它地不能成立，因为每一种自称想念怀疑主义的哲学都带有轻率不真诚的成分。一步说，如果怀疑主义想在理论上站得住，那它就必须否认一切从经验到的事物中得出的推论；一种不彻底的怀疑主义，例如否认无人经验过的物理事件的存在，或者那种承认在我的将来或记忆不到的过去有事件存在的唯我主义，都没有逻辑上的合理根据，因为它必须承认那些导致它所否认的信息的推论原理。

朱光潜经典作品选集内容推荐： 　　朱光潜经典作品选集这套书包括《谈美·谈美书简》《西方美学史》（全2册）和《谈修养》。《谈美》和《谈美书简》是朱光潜*代表性的美学普及读物，《谈美·谈美书简》将这两本书辑为一册，以便读者能够全面地了解中西美学思想的精髓。《西方美学史》是朱光潜*重要的一部著作，也是中国现代*部系统讲述西方美学的著作，展现了西方美学横跨三千年的历史发展，具有创性的学术价值。《谈修养》是朱光潜对自己人生经验和智慧的总结，也是作为过来人的他与青年的亲切谈心。本书针对青年人普遍面对的人生困惑，行了分析和解答，对当今的读者仍有着极大的教益。

《中国古代思想史论+中国近代思想史论+中国现代思想史论(套装共3册)》共计3本其中：《中国现代思想史论》以“启蒙”与“救亡”的“双重变奏”作为中国近现代思想史错综演变的基本线索，论述了中国现代三次学术论战、20世纪新文学的发展历程、马克思主义在中国的传播与受，辨析了现代“新儒家”和“西体中用”思想，并对胡适、陈独秀、鲁迅等人的思想行了分析，简明而深地展示了现代中国思想的诸多重要方面和问题。《中国现代思想史论》使用的是生活 读书新知三联书店2008年版本。 《中国古代思想史论》从剖析孔子仁学始，提出中华民族的“文化心理结构”问题，并以此论说了自先秦至明清的各种主要思潮、派别和人物，对儒家思想、墨家思想、孙老韩、苟易庸、庄玄禅宗、秦汉思想、宋明理学行了重新解读和再评价，着重阐释了实用理性和乐感文化作为中国传统文化精神内核的缘由，并对古代中国的辨证法、“天人感应”宇宙观、“内圣”与“治法”分离现象行了独到的分析。《中国古代思想史论》使用的是生活读书新知三联书店2008年版本。 《中国近代思想史论》系统论述了近代中国自太平天国至辛亥革命时期各种主要思潮的基本内涵及其成因，深分析了康有为、谭嗣同、梁启超、严复、孙中山、章太炎、王国维、鲁迅等重要人物的思想，阐释了中国近代知识分子复杂的心路历程，生动展现了中国传统思想走向近代化的整体风貌和内在嬗变肌理。《中国近代思想史论》使用的是生活读书新知三联书店2008年版本。