万本电子书0元读

万本电子书0元读

老子如是说:《道德经》之科学演绎
老子如是说:《道德经》之科学演绎
黄钢汉
¥4.35
本书以人称的叙述方式,对《道德经》做了创新解读。书中按照《道德经》原著的结构,条分缕析,旁征博引,广泛阐述了老子思想与哲学、现代物理学、社会科学等的相通之处,论证《道德经》具有的哲学意蕴、科学价值和人文精神,揭示出这部经典的传世价值和永恒魅力。
孟子精译:诵读版
孟子精译:诵读版
冯大建,苏靖雯
¥5.22
《孟子》是儒家经典中非常重要的一部,书中所主张的“性善”“仁义”“民本”等思想,是中国传统文化精神的重要组成部分,对国人传统思想与道德观念的形成都有着重要的影响。不仅如此,《孟子》全书譬喻生动、辩议恣肆、气势雄浑,也代表了先秦散文艺术的杰出成就。为了与广大读者共同分享这部经典的哲思与文字之美,《孟子精译:诵读版》参考了很多学者的著作,在原典的基础上进行了注释,并以适合今人理解的方式进行了翻译与阐发,希望能与广大古代文化的爱好者们一起走进伟大先贤的思想世界。
59元6本 实用性思考的艺术
实用性思考的艺术
小理查德·威尔
¥13.59
《实用性思考的艺术》是世界500强企业百货公司梅西百货公司前总裁小理查德·威尔的代表作。威尔作为一名善于思考、博闻强识的商界精英,他对思考艺术的钻研很独到,充分体现了思考者的深刻与企业家的实用的特。本书从“思考的行为”“思考的艺术”“思考的目的”三个方面来将剖析思考的本质及其要旨,从而指引人们更好地思考,换一种思路解决工作生活中的问题。本书清晰明朗,极为有料,是一本改善思维、改善人生的思考艺术佳作。
梁冬说庄子·德充符
梁冬说庄子·德充符
梁冬
¥9.99
《德充符》基本上讲的是一些长得可能也不是很好看,身体也不是很健全,也没有什么钱,但却超级有魅力的人的故事。 在《德充符》里,庄子塑造了一个又一个现实社会中的所谓不堪者,并赋予他们精神的能量:国王请他们当宰相,他们不去;女人自己送上门来,他们不要;男人追随他们,他们也不允许。就连当时已经是超级大V、万众青年创业领袖的孔子,也觉得他们了不起。 这个世上,有种人既不受制于自己的形象,也不受制于自己的情绪,更不受制于自己过往的历史,甚至不受制于别人对他的看法,身上拥有一种特别的定力——朴素得起,安静得起。这就是“德充符”里的人。
59元6本 日常生活审美化批判
日常生活审美化批判
陆扬
¥16.80
本书是国内部系统论述“日常生活审美化”(aestheticizationofeverydaylife)问题的学术论著。日常生活审美化可视为对后现代都市生活的一种概括。一般来说,它的含义包括消解艺术与生活的界限、生活反过来模仿艺术,以及消费文化将日常生活拟像化,显示一种布尔乔亚和波西米亚两相结合的“布波”族趣味等。本书以文化研究的西学东渐和本土化努力为线索,对新世纪以来围绕日常生活审美化的论争,以及有关的西方理论资源作了梳理。本书提倡在日常生活的常态中发掘艺术的潜质,而不是一味为现代都市
59元6本 庄子故事
庄子故事
王新民
¥12.99
庄子的思想不是平空而来的,他率性而活,与天地精神往来。他的那些特立独行的选择与行为,都是自己率真任情的心性反映。他的浪漫、超脱和真性情,他超然于世的精神追求,对于现代社会的我们而言,仍然是弥足珍贵的精神财富。他告诉我们:逍遥之人精神自由,在黑暗中始终能看见光亮…… 本书是一位北大才子以生命和灵魂写就的遗世经典,语言优美,哲思表达深入浅出,生动的故事叙说,详实的资料杂糅,让人明白他所有的思想来源于他的人生实践与深度思考。本书一改以往传统古典的风格,带给我们更适合现代人的精神修炼方式,自1992年首次出版以来,畅销二十余年,多次入选语文教材,是一部优秀的集文学性、学术性为一体的青少年传统文化读本,被读者赞誉为庄子经典
超图解西方哲学简史
超图解西方哲学简史
王宇琨、董志道
¥5.00
        本书在伯特兰·罗素的经典著作《西方哲学简史》的结构框架下,广泛吸取其他学界名家的研究成果,精选84位哲学家及其观,用近200幅思维导图与图表,将复杂晦涩的西方哲学图像化,以超图解的手法为你展现西方哲学的发展演,带你探索西方文明的本质与内核。         为什么柏拉图的《理想国》能长居西方高校书单榜首?怎样的哲学思想推了西方现代化程?为何以理性文明著称的欧洲会爆发两次世界大战?         英国著名哲学家、诺贝尔文学奖获得者伯特兰·罗素认为,想要了解一个时代或民族,必须了解其哲学,只有这样才能真正洞悉历史的发展。
Zorii din Alexanderplatz
Zorii din Alexanderplatz
Fabio Geda
¥40.79
innd seama de multiplele referiri la istorie, ct i de importana i relevana perspectivei temporal-istorice pentru orice alt tem, ajungem firesc la cardinalitatea istoriei n discursul lui Emil Cioran. n noianul tuturor temelor sale obsesive, istoria este o mega-tem, aflat n puternice raporturi cu celelalte. Aderena i entuziasmul pentru studiul problemelor de filosofia istoriei le gsim mrturisite nc de la nceputul traseului, n cteva scrisori ctre Bucur incu din anii ‘30. n acele scrisori vorbete de pasiune, de gndire spontan i personal, de adaptare natural asupra domeniului, i se arat ncredinat c, alturi de problemele de filosofia culturii i antropologiei filosofice, problemele de filosofia istoriei nu pot concepe c lea prsi vreodat. Dintre multiplele justificri ulterioare – opuse ca atitudine fa de cele din perioada iniial, dar care marcheaz aceeai aderen –, s punem dou n corelaie, scrise n ani apropiai, n care preocuparea pentru istorie este descris prin stri de dependen: slbiciune, sete, patim.“ – Ioan Costea
The World Set Free
The World Set Free
H. G. Wells
¥18.74
Kitab?n ba?l?ca vasf? olarak, Antik Yunan polisinden günümüze uzanan yolda, ?ocuk ve gen? yeti?tirmenin kamusal ve insan? ?nemini ortaya koyarken, fizik?, ahl?k? ve kültürel y?nleriyle bir bütün olarak e?itim felsefesi üzerine kaleme al?nm?? en temel eserlerden biri olmas? g?sterilebilir… ?Bu noktada, Rousseau’nun, “Tüm yazd?klar?m i?inde en iyi eserim” diye takdim etti?i?Emile’in 1762’de yay?nland???nda lanetlenip, 30 y?l sonra, Frans?z Devrimi’nin ?ncüleri i?in Frans?z milli e?itiminin ilham kayna?? addedildi?i dikkate al?nd???nda, Kant’?n e?itim üzerine sarf etti?i s?zlerin tarihsel ve toplumsal ba?lam? da ortaya ??kar. 18.yüzy?l?n ortalar?ndan 19.yüzy?l?n ba?lar?na dek ge?en bir ?mürlük sürede k?ta Avrupas? büyük bir do?umun sanc?lar?yla sars?lmaktad?r. ?ncesi ve sonras? diye tarihi ikiye ay?ran ?ifte Devrim (Sanayi ve Frans?z Devrimi) büyük bir zihinsel d?nü?üme yol a?mak üzeredir. Kant’? büyüten, ya da büyüklü?üne ayr?ca de?er katan bir unsur da, onun i?te bu ?a??n insan? olmas?d?r. ?Kant, 1806’daki Jena Sava??n? ve Napoleon i?galinin Alman milleti üzerinde yaratt??? ?ok ve deh?eti g?remeden vefat etse de, Wilhelm von Humboldt gibi e?itim reformcular? arac?l???yla Prusya (genel itibar?yla da Alman) e?itim sistemi i?in ne denli ?nemli bir yol a?t???n? tüm kitap boyunca seziyor gibidir. Bununla birlikte Kant’?nE?itim ?zerine’si, milli dilde ibadet edip, okumay? yazmay? te?vik eden Luhterci gelene?in Pietizmle kendini yenilemi? ve Büyük Frederich taraf?ndan te?vik edilmi? olan e?itim anlay???n?n olgunla?ma ?a??n?n da bir ürünüdür. Bu sebeple, kitab?n tamam?na h?kim olan motif, Ayd?nlanmac? bir “i?sel ?zgürle?im” ve “ruhan? terbiye” aras?nda kurulmas? gereken büyük dengedir. ? ? ?Bu arka plan? dikkate alarak, ?imdi kitaba biraz daha yak?ndan bakabiliriz… E?itim ?zerine, memleketin sayg?n ?evirmenlerinden biri olan Ahmet Aydo?an’?n sunu? ve ?ns?züyle ba?l?yor. ?stü kapal? fakat sitem dolu bir de?erlendirme yaz?s? olan “’Sapere Aude!’ Diye ??kt?k Yola”, Kant’a s?zü teslim etmeden evvel, 30 sayfada, Kant’?n dü?ünce dünyas?ndan ne denli uzakta kald???m?z?n ele?tirisini yap?yor. Bu arada, kitab?n ortaya ??k?? ?yküsüne de 22.sayfada a??klay?c? bir notla yer veriliyor. K?ningsberg ?niversitesi’nde muhtelif zamanlarda verilen dersler i?in haz?rlanan notlardan derlendi?i anla??lan?E?itim ?zerine, modern Türk?e’nin bir felsefe dili olamamas?n?n da etkisiyle, ?e?itli dipnotlar arac?l???yla kavramlar?n ve kelimelerin daha anla??l?r k?l?nd??? bir h?lde okura sunuluyor. ? “?nsan E?itilmesi Gereken Bir Varl?kt?r”: ? ?Kant, dü?üncelerini temellendirdi?i giri? sayfalar?nda insan?n e?itime muhta? ten varl?k oldu?u ger?e?inden hareket ediyor ve insan?n ancak e?itimle insan olabilece?ini dile getiriyor. (s.35) E?itime y?nelik bu yakla??m, Kant’?n idealizm felsefesinin ger?ekle?mesine giden yolu a?an anahtarlardan biri say?labilir.? ? ???NDEK?LER: ? KANT'IN YA?AMI…KANT'A G?RE AYDINLANMA NED?R?AHLAKIN METAF?Z???…KANT VE E??T?M ?ZER?NE….KANT VE TANRIKANT IN ELE?T?REL FELSEFES?KANT’IN ELE?T?REL FELSEFES?NE PLATON VE PARMEN?DES?N KATKILARI Kritisizm Nedir? KANT FELSEFES?N?N TEMEL KAVRAMLARIKANT’IN KURAMSAL METAF?Z?K ELE?T?R?S? HAKKINDAK? D???NCELER?..I. KANT'IN LE?BN?Z- WOLFF VE HUME'UN FELSEFELER?NE Y?NEL?K ELE?T?R?S?II. KANT'TA METAF?Z?K B?LG?N?N OLANA?I: METAF?Z?K OLANAKLI MIDIR?SONU?LARKANT’IN D?NYA YURTTA?LI?I AMACINA Y?NEL?K GENEL B?R TAR?H D???NCES?KANT’?I EBED? BARI?” D???NCES?S?YAS? HAKLARDA TEOR? VE PRAT?K ?L??K?S? ?ZER?NEK?RESELLE?EN SORUNLAR KAR?ISINDA KANT ET???UNUTULMAZ KANT S?ZLER?…..
MALARIA: История военного переводчика
MALARIA: История военного переводчика
Андрей Мелехов (Терехов)
¥11.77
A partir de uma sugest?o de Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari – a de que todos os filósofos ocidentais terminaram construindo, no interregno do seu pensamento, personagens conceituais, uma espécie de assinatura do filósofo – este livro objetiva identificar esse tra?o a partir da obra de Michel Foucault. A tese em quest?o é que este autor n?o se enquadra em uma imagem única, como a do Juiz em Kant, ou a do sedutor em Kierkegaard, mas em uma imagem híbrida e triádica, fazendo coro com muitos filósofos chamados de transversais e que se instalaram no horizonte de filosofias chamadas de pós-estruturalistas, como Deleuze.
Безжальна правда про нещадний б?знес
Безжальна правда про нещадний б?знес
Ben Horowitz
¥24.53
Em Vida sem Princípio , Henry David Thoreau nos apresenta um verdadeiro manual de como viver em sociedade e em contato com a Natureza respeitando a natureza e ao próximo.? puro Transcendentalismo , um apelo para que cada um siga a sua própria luz interior.Este ensaio foi obtido a partir da palestra''What Shall It Profit? ''apresentada ao publico em 06 de dezembro de 1854, no Sal?o Railroad em Providence Rhode Island.Foi publicado pela primeira vez na edi??o de outubro de 1863 The Atlantic Monthly, onde foi dado o título moderno.Vida sem Princípio é um ensaio em que Thoreau coloca o seu programa para viver bem. Incluem-se aqui as suas ideias sobre a forma de abordagem da comunica??o interpessoal, modos de trabalho, sustento financeiro e outros códigos de conduta baseados na filosofia de de vida de Thoreau.'
Перегляд позитивного мислення
Перегляд позитивного мислення
Gabriele Oettingen
¥16.35
A compreens?o de Contos d’Escárnio n?o poderia restringir-se à constru??o do horizonte no qual nasce, o século XX. A inten??o de escrever lixo e bestagem, anunciada pelo narrador, aos poucos, revela um grotesco vindo de um longínquo, de um aquém. Por isto, faz-se necessário também compreender o fluxo histórico-estético que encontra acolhida na imagina??o de Hilda Hilst, cujo amparo conceitual buscou-se à estética da recep??o e do efeito. Na Teoria Estética, o feio insurge como fen?meno da realidade artística contempor?nea; refúgio de sobrevivência da arte e dos belos escritos, deixa livre à plasticidade do presente a tarefa da denúncia da realidade. Em protesto, o dissonante reivindica cidadania e se mantém como possibilidade da arte. Neste sentido, tem lugar em Hilda Hilst a atualidade do grotesco.
59元6本 廿一世纪初的前言后语(上册)
廿一世纪初的前言后语(上册)
南怀瑾
¥21.00
《参同契》又名《周易参同契》,为东汉魏伯阳著。其学说汇融周易、黄老、丹火之功于一体,用《易》的阴阳变化之理,阐述炼丹、内养之道,证明人与天地、宇宙有同体、同功而异用的法则。 《我说<参同契>》是南怀瑾先生继《论语别裁》后用力*深、*有分量的作品之一,共八十余万言,分上、中、下三册。内容涉及广泛,旁征博引,举证极多,更有南师本人所经历的诸多奇特的人和事,是国人了解、解读《参同契》这部“天书”的选择。
A, mint alibi
A, mint alibi
Patricia MacDonald
¥66.79
Magyarázatok a Srimad-Bhagavatam tizedik éneke harminckettedik fejezetének 16-22. versáhez, az el?z? acaryák írásai alapján. A Na pāraye ’ham három része ?rī K???a, ?rī Caitanya Mahāprabhu és ?rīmatī Rādhārā?ī szeretetét mutatja be. Szeretetük egy-egy hatalmas folyóként h?mp?ly?g a prema óceánja felé. ?cāryáink kegyéb?l a bhakták megérinthetik ennek az óceánnak a partját, s néhány cseppnyi nektárt megízlelhetnek bel?le.
Getting Used to Weird: A very different sort of Love Story
Getting Used to Weird: A very different sort of Love Story
Lorelle Taylor
¥8.63
Are you awakening spiritually and feeling weird?You’re not alone. Truly, you are not alone. You have many spiritual helpers, and just like Angela, you can learn to communicate with them and enlist their support. Lorelle Taylor’s extraordinary book traces Angela’s journey from normal to weird. Join her as she confronts challenges and undertakes deeply spiritual lessons while exploring the biggest questions. Learn about life and death from angels, spirit guides, Jesus and God. Discover how to overcome obstacles in your own path as you too discover the secrets for a fulfilled and happy life. Start reading?Getting Used to Weird: A very different sort of Love Story?today and you’ll discover that on this journey, you’re also getting used to love. You’ll come away with the knowledge that “Love is the answer to all questions.”
59元6本 文德尔班哲学导论(文德尔班代表作,关注哲学主题蕴含的内在力量,呈现新康德主义哲学的基本纲领!)
文德尔班哲学导论(文德尔班代表作,关注哲学主题蕴含的内在力量,呈现新康德主义哲学的基本纲领!)
威廉·文德尔班
¥19.92
本书是新康德主义弗莱堡学派创始人文德尔班的代表作,与广为人知的《哲学史教程》相互配合,构成新康德主义哲学的基本纲领,对哲学门者也有很好的引导作用。全书以存在(理论)问题和价值问题的区分为基础,以价值的存在与存在的价值之间的关系立论,探讨了本体论、发生论、认识论、伦理学、美学、宗教等各类哲学问题。作者关注重大哲学主题所蕴含的内在力量,以日常生活和科学中的朴素预设为出发,从哲学史的流变手,试图解释处理这些问题的各种趋势及其分歧,并将生命中的基本问题简明扼要地呈现出来,旨在呼唤读者思索生命中的重大问题。
陌生人社会的伦理问题研究(当代中国社会道德建设理论与实践研究丛书)
陌生人社会的伦理问题研究(当代中国社会道德建设理论与实践研究丛书)
程立涛
¥40.80
“陌生人社会”的来临,为当代中国展示了全新的生活场景和伦理视野,同时导致了许多未曾遇到的新挑战、新困惑:面对数不清的“陌生人”,我们应该以怎样的伦理经验与其交往?以往的伦理规范和处事准则能否被简单移植到“陌生人”身上?在喧闹的现代都市,陌生的居民之间如何和睦相处?以往人们对“陌生人”的道德想象,能否作为直面“陌生人”时的道德推理机制?如何解决“人情味”与“公德心”之间的内在冲突?……本书围绕“陌生人社会”所生发的一系列伦理道德问题,从思辨和经验两个层面做出了有益思考和尝试性回答,对解决“陌生人社会”的道德困境有所助益。
Inigo: a play about Ignatius of Loyola
Inigo: a play about Ignatius of Loyola
Jonathan Moore
¥32.62
Inigo (Ignatius de Loyola) begins as a hot-headed, street-fighting sensualist, in this action-packed play but due to serious injury in a sword-fight, he has to spend time recovering and reassessing his dissolute life. This stage version of his life follows his transformation to become the co-founder of the Jesuits in the sixteenth century, battling the powers of the day and the Inquisition. In Moore's bold, funny play, he asserts Inigo's position as a radical figure bent on changing the Catholic Church.?? This play is not only for those interested in Inigo and the Jesuits. It is also about individuals who fight for change against an implacable Establishment and it is ideal for performing in schools, colleges and theatres. Of special interest to schools and colleges, many of which are named after Inigo (Ignatius de Loyola).?Inigo's spiritual tools for change have informed other self-development programs such as the 12 step program for recovering drug and alcohol addicts. As Pope Francis is a Jesuit, this is a timely exploration of one of history's major spiritual leaders and reformers. "This is the most interesting play text to have reached me for a while... Ignatius of Loyala, founder of the Jesuits is not the most obvious choice for a play subject until you remember that he was effectively a counter-cultural radical fighting an implacable establishment suddenly it s both topical and relevant. I hope this thoughtful, engaging and very funny in places eight-hander will get more outings very soon. If not read the text anyway." --Susan Elkin, The Stage"Brilliantly written... a great evening of thoughtful and dynamic theatre." --Mark Lawson, arts correspondent"The structure and dynamism of the play, the art with which Jonathan Moore makes Ignatius accessible to us, capturing much of the drama of the Spiritual Exercises themselves, would also make I?igo an excellent discovery for schools and colleges." --James Hanvey SJ, Master of Campion Hall, University of Oxford, Thinking Faith Jonathan Moore is an award-winning actor, writer and director. As an actor he has played leading roles at the Royal Shakespeare Co, Royal Court, Donmar, the Royal Exchange and on BBC TV. He has directed theatre and opera world premieres at the Almeida, Donmar, West End, Royal Exchange, Gate, English National Opera, Covent Garden, La Fenice in Venice and on TV among many others. He has directed world premieres by composers such as Turnage, MacMillan, Henze, Schnittke, Nyman, Copeland and more, and his early work was sponsored by Joe Strummer of The Clash. He has collaborated with members of punk band Killing Joke and on several projects with Industrial group Test Dept. A published playwright and librettist, his work has been performed at leading theatres including the Donmar, Royal Exchange, Gate, BBC TV, radio and internationally. Jonathan was asked by Mark Rylance to direct the large-scale immersive project for over fifty performers What You Will, a co-production for Shakespeare s Globe, The Cultural Olympiad and Mayor s Office and several subsequent Shakespeare projects. He is due to direct a large-scale site-specific immersive project for Ludovico Einaudi in Italy and a new opera project with Stewart Copeland. He is on the Artistic Advisory Committee of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. He has had a Who s Who entry since 2007. A collection of Moore's plays has been previously published by Aurora Metro Books. www.jonathanmooreuk.com
Conscious by Nature: Understanding the nature of consciousness through nature it
Conscious by Nature: Understanding the nature of consciousness through nature it
Ashley William Craig
¥40.79
Come on a journey into the nature of consciousness, finding the space 'between thoughts' as the most obvious place to recognize your true and eternal Self. We recognize overlooked aspects of the natural world around us; as ourselves, as well as using nature to demonstrate spiritual concepts such as God, union and liberation. Your true 'nature' awaits...---------------------------"No matter how it is approached, no amount of words will ever transmit to another person the indescribable 'ultimate Truth'. The fact that it's described as indescribable should be enough to stop us trying. Yet it's made even more difficult because of our troublesome human mind. As intelligent and magnificent as it is, it has a deep and tragic habit of confusing the symbols we use (for simple convenience) in our lives, for the actual things or ideas they represent. As Alan Watts used to say, it's like climbing a signpost rather than walking in the direction it points. Our greatest of misunderstandings is that we confuse the story and idea of who we are, with what is actually true; pure and simple. We make a false judgment on who or what we are, and you wouldn't believe the amount of mischief that arises in result.As exaggerated or humorous as all this may sound on first impressions, this habit of confusing symbols for reality is a very real problem plaguing our human world, and the implications are exceptionally far reaching. We have confused such things as money for wealth, status or fame for character and even the virtual world for real - but most appropriate to this book, is that religious or spiritual concepts are always confused for the things they are pointing towards. That's particularly true of our concepts of 'God', particularly true of Buddha's Dharma, particularly true of any teaching towards enlightenment or liberation."---------------------------"OmniscienceOh father in heaven, omniscience cannot be. It makes no sense, no sense to me....***Between thoughts, your functioning remains flawless. Between thoughts you are ego-less, yet still exist...?How is it so that your heart beats without your control?How do migrating birds travel without directions, newborn horses stand straight up and embryos form without instruction. How does a plant know how to flower and a seed mature into a tree??Without thought or instruction, nature around you is already omniscient. Are you different from nature, or one and the same?***Young one, nature already exists in an omniscient state with no mind…?Between thoughts, are you omniscient?Mid-thought, do you believe you're not?"
赫尔墨斯的口误(增订)(曹卫东学术文集)
赫尔墨斯的口误(增订)(曹卫东学术文集)
曹卫东
¥25.00
  《赫尔墨斯的口误(增订)》是作者的学术译文合集,涉及形而上学批判、话语政治、文艺理论等,收录了霍克海默、哈贝马斯、伽达默尔、克吕格、巴尔塔萨、罗曼·茵伽登、顾彬等著名学者的经典文章。译文难度较大,可见译者译笔矫健,这些文章也为学术界提供了颇具学术价值的成果。
什么是主体性?
什么是主体性?
(法)让–保罗·萨特
¥59.00
  《什么是主体性?》由法国存在主义哲学家让-保罗·萨特1961年12月在罗马应葛兰西学院之邀讲学的记录整理而成。当年的课堂记录尤其是萨特与现场听众讨论的部分,五十多年后重获发现,2013年在法国出版,主体为题为“马克思主义与主体性”的报告,同时收数位意大利的马克思主义知识分子(如Enzo Paci, Cesare Luporini, Galvano Della Volpe)与萨特讨论的文字。并由Michel Kail与Raoul Kirchmayer作序言“意识与主体性”,跋文是詹明信的“萨特的现实意义”。   “主体性”是萨特强调的重要概念之一,“什么是主体性”这一问题因为与当代批评理论中针对“主体”的讨论相关而重获重要性。自1930年代以来,主体性问题就困扰着萨特。萨特认为,正是人的主体性给了我们在生活中选择走自己的道路的能力。因为并不存在客观的标准、客观的价值,也不存在确定的决定我们是谁或我们是什么的本质,我们能够把握的只有主观的标准、主观的价值以及由此而来的本质,而这些只能从一个主观的视角来拓展和理解。   正如“序言”所言:本书的出版,使人们得以一瞥萨特著作的整体性,并可为他艰涩的《辩证理性批判》一书提供理想的门导读,而《辩证理性批判》一书正好在讲座前一年出版,构成了一次与马克思主义的交锋。这种交锋的前提是萨特对马克思主义的悖论性评价:马克思主义已停止不前,同时也构成我们时代不可逾越的地平线。   萨特这次报告的抱负即为将主体性置于马克思主义分析的核心,以重新赋予它一度失去的活力。他同时抨了主观主义和客观主义,他想指出为什么主体性对于认识社会来说必不可少。萨特的特有方法就是通过分析实例来紧紧抓住自己的对象。而抓住主体性,就是理解客观条件如何被内在化和被体验,使自己有能力说明集体实践的形式如何得以建立。主体性是“特殊的普遍”,是历史的产物,是历史的基本结构,是可能的创造!