ncercarea de a ptrunde n magmele clocotirilor artistice este o ispitire mai veche a mea. Adncimile au n ele murmur de siren. Sigur a fost semea ncercarea mea i, probabil, neinspirat. Germinarea crii de fa mi pare acum un experiment al bucuriei. Doi preoi i doi slujitori ai literei, totodat doi duhovnici fiecare cu ucenicul su, au vrut s cltoreasc pentru o clip n inefabilul chenozelor, al deertrilor de sine. Nu tiu dac are armonie, mi este greu acum s precizez. Atunci prea c rezonm. Depun doar mrturie i gnd mulumitor c a fost o sear unic. (Preot Niculae Constantin)

La ora la care scriu aceste r?nduri, revista Contemporanul se apropie de aniversarea a 130 de ani de la fondare, si ne ?ntreb?m, cu to?ii, iar??i ?i iar??i, ce schimb?ri s-au produs ?n peisajul cultural, literar, social ?n ultimii 20 de ani? Ce viitor vor avea cultura, literatura rom?n? vie ?n contextul acestor schimb?ri? Cum ??i va reveni din criza actuala, mai grav?, mai dramatic? dec?t criza economic? propriu-zisa fiind, f?r? ?ndoiala, profunda criz? moral? de care este cuprins? societatea rom?neasc?? R?spunsurile formulate de participan?ii la anchet? – precum ?i celelalte articole, eseuri, reportaje etc. – cuprinse ?n acest supliment aniversar vizeaz? ?i aceste aspecte, greu de neglijat, din v?rtejul evenimentelor istorice, din acest dramatic prezent, rezist?nd, spre gloria na?iunii rom?ne, Excelen?a Sa, cultura, literatur? rom?n? vie. (Aura Christi)

Cartea e ca o pies? de teatru alc?tuit? din personaje, parantezele autorului, dialoguri, secven?e, scene, acte, cu leg?tura necesar?, intre acestea. ?n treac?t fie spus, critica poate s? ?ntre?in? longevitatea operei, dac? are destul? vigoare ?i dac? opera e de calitate. Sunt vorbe optimiste la vremea Internetului care, deocamdat?, nu de?ine puterea controlului critic ?i nici nu se ?ntrev?d ?anse de aceast? natur?. Tocmai de aceea pericolul dispari?iei c?rt?ii de h?rtie pare anun?area unui cataclism. Noi mai credem ?n ceva. R?m?ne hot?r?t c? interpretarea critic?, pentru a fi c?t mai aproape de text, trebuie s? se asocieze cu "partea estetic?" a demersului, care e scriitura, citatul, descrierea ?i altele. O "conversa?ie", pe c?t posibil neretoric?.

B?R DAMLA SEVG?YLE MERHABA ?Dokunan hafif bir esinti, bir damla ya?, bir kü?ük ka?amak bak??tan ve bir tatl? s?zden sonra yüre?in ?eperlerine yap???p kalan a?k?n izleriyle dolu ya?amakt?r belki de istenilen… ??zlemek sevgiyle yüre?e dokunmaksa; bir tatl? s?z, bir gidenin ard?ndan kalan iz, bir hüzün i?indeki umutsuzluklarda bile, umut arayan kalple var olmakt?r kimbilir belki de i?imizde kalan… ??zlemek; a?k?n g?zya?lar?nda, yar?n? olmayan a?klarda ve bir garip a?k?n i?inde bile mutlulu?u, sevginin kanatlar?nda ?zlemle arayarak yazmakt?r belki de sayfalarda saklanan… ?Kim bilir belki de sevgiyi i?inde bularak kanatlanmakt?r, kanats?z hallerinde bile ?zlemle a?ka u?makt?r… ?Her okunan ?iirin i?inde hissedebilmektir belki de; tarifi olmayan, tarifsiz o duyguyu, yüre?indeki bir k?v?lc?m ate?iyle canland?r?p ya?atabilmektir belki de arzulanan... ?Sevgiyle dolu sayfalarda, hissettiklerinizi bulup dolu dolu ya?aman?z dile?iyle… Cengiz ?ET?K 1964 y?l?nda Konya/Karap?nar do?du. ?lkokulu Emirgazi il?esinde okudu. Ortaokulu ve liseyi Karap?nar’da okudu. Endüstri Meslek Lisesi Torna tesviye’den mezun oldu. 1989 y?l?nda Burdur E?itim Yüksek Okulu’ndan S?n?f ??retmeni olarak mezun olduktan sonra 1990 y?l?ndan bu yana zaman zaman idarecilik yapsa da ?u an Uzman S?n?f ??retmeni olarak ?al??makta olup iki k?z babas?d?r. 1986 y?l?nda ilk ?yküsü “sonun Ba?lang?c?” bir sinema dergisinin a?t??? yar??mada birinci gelmi?tir. Finike yerel gazetelerinde 2005 y?l?ndan sonra bir?ok k??e yaz?lar? yay?nland?. 2006 y?l?nda ilk ?iir kitab? “Son S?züm Sana Gülüm” yay?nlad?. ?kinci kitab? “Siyahlarday?m Alev Bak??l?m” 2008 y?l?nda yay?nland?. Ayr?ca güfte halinde “ Siyahlarday?m” 2010 y?l?nda ve “Vazge? G?nlüm” 2016 y?l?nda iki ?iiri bestelenip ?ark? olarak hayat bulmu?tur. 2017 y?l? son ay?nda ilk bilimkurgu roman? “Pokentranl? G?kmen” okurlar?yla tan??t?.

On the second day of July in the year 1863 the Civil War in America was at its height. Late in the preceding month Lee had turned his face northward, and, with an army of a hundred thou-sand Confederate soldiers at his back, had marched up into Penn-sylvania. There was little to hinder his advance. Refraining, by reason of strict orders, from wanton destruction of property, his soldiers nevertheless lived on the rich country through which they passed. York and Carlisle were in their grasp. Harrisburg was but a day’s march away, and now, on this second day of July, flushed with fresh victories, they had turned and were giving desperate battle, through the streets and on the hills of Gettysburg, to the Union armies that had followed them. The old commonwealth was stirred as she had not been stirred before since the fall of Sumter. Every town and village in the state responded quickly to the governor’s call for emergency troops to defend the capital city. Mount Hermon, already depleted by gen-erous early enlistments, and by the draft of 1862, gathered to-gether the bulk of the able-bodied men left in the village and its surroundings, and sent them forth in defense of the common-wealth. Not that Mount Hermon was in especial danger from Lee’s invasion, far from it. Up in the northeastern corner of the state, on a plateau of one of the low foot-hills of the Moosic range, sheltered by the mountains at its back, it was well protected, both by reason of distance and location, from the advancing foe. But Mount Hermon was intensely patriotic. In the days preceding the Revolution the sturdy pioneers from Connecticut had met the equally sturdy settlers from the domain of Penn, and on this plateau they had fought out their contentions and settled their differences; the son of the Pennamite had married the daughter of the Yankee; and the new race, with love of country tingeing every drop of its blood a deeper red, had stayed on and possessed the land. So, on this July day, when the armies of North and South were striving and struggling with each other in bloody combat back and forth across the plain and up the hills of Gettysburg, Mount Hermon’s heart beat fast. But it was not for themselves that these people were anxious. It was for the fathers, husbands, sons, lovers in that army with which Meade, untried and unproven, was endeavoring to match the strategy and strength of Lee. News of the first day’s skirmishing had reached the village, and it was felt that a great battle was imminent. In the early evening, while the women were still busy at their household tasks, the men gathered at the post-office and the stores, eager for late news, anxious to discuss the situation as they had learned it. In the meantime the boys of the town had congregated on the village green to resume the military drills which, with more or less frequency, they had carried on during the summer. These drills were not wholly without serious intent. It was play, indeed; but, out of the ranks of these boys, three of the older ones had already gone to the front to fight real battles; and it was felt, by the men of the town, that the boys could not be too thoroughly imbued with the military spirit. So, on this July evening, wakened into new ardor by the news from Gettysburg, they had gathered to resume their nightly work—and play.There were thirty-three of them, ranging in years all the way from eight to eighteen. They were eager and enthusiastic. At the command to fall in there was much pushing and jostling, much striving for desirable places, and even the young captain, with great show of authority, could not quite adjust all differences to the complete satisfaction of his men.Before the confusion had wholly ceased, and while there were still awkward gaps in the ranks, a tall, straight, shy-mannered boy of seventeen, who had remained hitherto on the outskirts of the group, quietly slipped into one of the vacant places.

Yirmi birinci yüzy?lda, teknolojik geli?melerin de etkisiyle, büyük bir "öz güven patlamas?" ya?ayan insanl?k; kurulu?undan bu yana kendi yasalar?na göre çal??an ba?ta ekolojik sistem olmak üzere: Biyolojik ve jeolojik sistemlere müdahale ederek; kendi kurallar?na göre de?i?tirmeye kalkt?. ??te, ba?ta baz? hastal?klar olmak üzere; birçok sorunlar da burada ortaya ç?kt?. Maalesef bugün nerede ise hepimiz, hastay?z! Hastal?klar?m?z?n ise çe?it çe?it ad? olsa bile en yayg?n olan?: "Parçalama Hastal???" olup çok da kolay tedavi edilebilecek gibi de görünmemektedir.Günümüzde, teknolojik geli?mi?li?in de etkisiyle: ?nsano?lu, bütünü anlamak için onu parçalamay? seçti. Parçalar? üzerinden bütünü; anlamaya ve tan?maya çal??maktad?r.. Oysa ki, parçalar? birle?tirerek bütünü tan?mak hem daha kolay, hem de daha do?al bir yöntem oldu?unu da bilmesine ra?men.Y?llard?r; maddeleri parçalad?k yetmedi. Atomlar? parçalad?k bitmedi. Bu i? daha nereye kadar gidecek? Ve ne kadar daha sürecek? Bilinmez! Ancak bizler, bir an önce maddeleri ve sistemleri parçalamaktan vazgeçmek mecburiyetindeyiz! Yoksa: Korkar?m çok yak?nda, yeryüzündeki ya?am? kökünden bitirece?iz!..Bu arada, baz? "Laboratuvar Ka?iflerine" de birkaç hat?rlatmada bulunmak isterim:Hani; Sizlerin, mikro organizmalar? incelemek için hergün bakt???n?z o devasa büyüteçler'iniz (Dev Elektron Mikroskoplar?n?z) var ya! ??te o büyüteçler; inceledi?iniz o organizmalar?, sizlerin gözünde milyonlarca kez büyütmekte iken; sizleri de belki onlar?n "gözünde" milyonlarca kez küçültüyor olmas?nlar (?) Yine: Belki de sizler; onlar? tan?maya çal???rken; onlar da bizleri anlamaya çabal?yor olmas?nlar? Dahas?: Belki de onlar da bizleri merak ediyorlard?r (?) Kim bilir? Ne dersiniz? Bir de böyle dü?ünmeyi denemelisiniz!.."LABORATUARDAK? ?BL?S"{???R L?STES? & ?Ç?NDEK?LER}:YAZAR HAKKINDA {ÖZ GEÇM??}TANITMALIK {PROSPEKTÜS}T?N VE TENZERRELABORATUARDAK? ?BL?SB?ZDEN M?D?R?RUH YARASIKONDUNEFES?ST?R?DYEN?N HÜNER?MOLEKÜLER SEYAHATYARI?L?NÇHIZ/HAZ ÇEL??MECES?HAL?S YAPAYLIKLAR D?YARINDA -1MAZ?DEK? AYAK ?ZLER?MMAN?SA TARZANIARKA KAPAK?a’irin Yay?nlanm?? Di?er Kitaplar?VEYSEL TOPALO?LU (?A?R; SADEKUL)

Romanul e captivant, bine scris, n ciuda unor efuziuni retorice prea lungi pe alocuri, care puteau fi scurtate. Un text elaborat de ctre un crturar, cu lecturi din Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Jung sau Dostoievski fcute n profunzime, temeinic. n consecin, e un roman n care simbolurile apar la tot pasul, incifrate n text, n tehnica unui modernism hermeneutic care nu poate fi scos din ecuaie (…). Strict tehnic, ne aflm n faa unui Bildungsroman construit pe un scenariu clasic, de iniiere: tnrul Matei (toate numele sunt luate din Biblie…) interiorizeaz sfietor, dramatic moartea prematur a tatlui su, David, pierdut ntr-un accident de main pe Valea Oltului, se afl n conflict deschis cu mama sa, Riri, femeie pragmatic, dar intrat n faza unui deficit de cldura uman, mascat prin nervozitate, i i fixeaz ntreaga afeciune pe fiina compensativ a bunicului, Grig, mort i el spre sfritul romanului, i pe aceea a profesorului universitar Semion Ruda, stilat, elevat, aristorcatic, un concitadin de ocazie i tat-surogat, cruia, n cele din urm, protagonistul romanului i datoreaz relansarea intelectuala – viitor student n filosofie – i formarea literar, ca romancier, talentul compensativ al scrisului descoperindu-i-l oarecum fr premeditare sau ndemnuri din afar, ca pe o efervescen intern a propriei sale fiine. (tefan Borbély)Viaa cotidian este transferat n interioritate, iar tensiunile generatoare de suspans sunt direcionate ctre aceeai nevoie urgent de a deveni. Eroii Aurei Christi sunt fpturi aflate ntre lumi, ntre vrste, ntre maluri. (Irina Ciobotaru)Intenia vdit a autoarei este aceea de a explora personajele pn n adncul firii lor, astfel nct nu aciunea s stea n prim-plan, ci caracterele. (Bogdan Mihai Dasclu)

Aceasta nu este o arc? a salv?rii, a speran?ei, a regener?rii suflete?ti, nici locul ?n care personaje-kamikaze arunc? ?n jur ?n timpul sacrificiului lor, bun?tate, generozitate, bl?nde?e, ?n?elepciune, cump?tare. E o arc? simbolic?. Fictiv?, sau e chiar lumea noastr? condamnat? s? pluteasc? ?n deriv? pe un ocean sub care p?nde?te un tzunami apocaliptic? Da, ?ntr-adev?r, Breban nu neglijeaz? nici o specie, sunt toate conservate aici, e destul s? ?nl?turi dificila, fragila ?i totu?i rezistenta perdea ?esut? din mii de pagini de carte, ca s? descoperi o umanitate crud?, pe care mul?i dintre noi, dintre cititori sau autori avem tendin?a de a o evita, tendin?a de a o machia, de a-i face opera?ii estetice… Arca are capaciatatea de a re?nvia din cenu?a ?i de a ne propune o c?l?torie imaginar? spre o alt? dimensiune, ?ncerc?nd s?-i salveze deopotriv? pe credincio?i ?i pe atei, pe puternici ?i pe cei slabi, pe victime ?i pe c?l?i, pe mae?tri ?i pe discipoli, pe slugi ?i pe st?p?ni. Tu alegi de care parte vrei s? te afli, ?n afara arcei, pe arc? sau ?n structura ei intim? fragil? ?i totu?i rezistent?, capabil? s? te duc? spre cele mai insolite teritorii care ?nc? nu au fost inventate ?i pe care doar acul busolei lui Breban le indic? ?i le plaseaz? pe o hart? altfel inaccesibil?.

Michael Faraday (1791 –1867) was an English scientist who contributed to the fields of electromagnetism and electrochemistry. His main discoveries include those of electromagnetic induction, diamagnetism and electrolysis. Although Faraday received little formal education, he was one of the most influential scientists in history. It was by his research on the magnetic field around a conductor carrying a direct current that Faraday established the basis for the concept of the electromagnetic field in physics. Faraday also established that magnetism could affect rays of light and that there was an underlying relationship between the two phenomena. He similarly discovered the principle of electromagnetic induction, diamagnetism, and the laws of electrolysis. His inventions of electromagnetic rotary devices formed the foundation of electric motor technology, and it was largely due to his efforts that electricity became practical for use in technology. As a chemist, Faraday discovered benzene, investigated the clathrate hydrate of chlorine, invented an early form of the Bunsen burner and the system ofoxidation numbers, and popularised terminology such as anode, cathode, electrode, and ion. Faraday ultimately became the first and foremost Fullerian Professor of Chemistry at the Royal Institution of Great Britain, a life-time position.. Faraday was an excellent experimentalist who conveyed his ideas in clear and simple language; his mathematical abilities, however, did not extend as far as trigonometry or any but the simplest algebra. James Clerk Maxwell took the work of Faraday and others, and summarized it in a set of equations that is accepted as the basis of all modern theories of electromagnetic phenomena. On Faraday's uses of the lines of force, Maxwell wrote that they show Faraday "to have been in reality a mathematician of a very high order – one from whom the mathematicians of the future may derive valuable and fertile methods." The SI unit of capacitance is named in his honour: the farad. Albert Einstein kept a picture of Faraday on his study wall, alongside pictures of Isaac Newton and James Clerk Maxwell. Physicist Ernest Rutherford stated; "When we consider the magnitude and extent of his discoveries and their influence on the progress of science and of industry, there is no honour too great to pay to the memory of Faraday, one of the greatest scientific discoverers of all time". ABOUT AUTHOR: John Tyndall (1820 – 1893) was a prominent 19th-century Irish physicist. His initial scientific fame arose in the 1850s from his study of diamagnetism. Later he made discoveries in the realms of infrared radiation and the physical properties of air. Tyndall also published more than a dozen science books which brought state-of-the-art 19th century experimental physics to a wide audience. From 1853 to 1887 he was professor of physics at the Royal Institution of Great Britain in London. Tyndall was born in Leighlinbridge, County Carlow, Ireland. His father was a local police constable, descended from Gloucestershire emigrants who settled in southeast Ireland around 1670. Tyndall attended the local schools in County Carlow until his late teens, and was probably an assistant teacher near the end of his time there. Subjects learned at school notably included technical drawing and mathematics with some applications of those subjects to land surveying. He was hired as a draftsman by the Ordnance Survey of Ireland in his late teens in 1839, and moved to work for the Ordnance Survey for Great Britain in 1842. In the decade of the 1840s, a railroad-building boom was in progress, and Tyndall's land surveying experience was valuable and in demand by the railway companies. Between 1844 and 1847, he was lucratively employed in railway construction planning. In 1847 Tyndall opted to become a mathematics and surveying teacher at a boarding school (Queenwood College) in Hampshire. Recalling this decision later, he wrote: "the desire to grow intellectually did not forsake me; and, when railway work slackened, I accepted in 1847 a post as master in Queenwood College." Another recently arrived young teacher at Queenwood was Edward Frankland, who had previously worked as a chemical laboratory assistant for the British Geological Survey. Frankland and Tyndall became good friends. On the strength of Frankland's prior knowledge, they decided to go to Germany to further their education in science. Among other things, Frankland knew that certain German universities were ahead of any in Britain in expe-rimental chemistry and physics. (British universities were still focused on classics and mathematics and not laboratory science.)The pair moved to Germany in summer 1848 and enrolled at the University of Marburg, where Robert Bunsen was an influential teacher. Tyndall studied under Bunsen for two years.

Biografia sugereaz?, ?n chip aproape inevitabil, prin relatarea cronologic? a faptelor vie?ii acelui individ, ?ncep?nd de la na?tere ?i continu?nd cu experien?ele tr?ite pe parcursul anilor, c? evenimentele respective au avut o importan?? mai larg?, mai cuprinz?toare dec?t cele ale unui om oarecare, c? au contribuit, ?ntr-un fel sau altul, la scrierea istoriei acelor vremuri. ?n cazul lui Napoleon Bonaparte, merit? s? ne aplec?m ?i asupra mitologiei, ad?ug?nd-o impresiei generale, create de-a lungul deceniilor de nenum?ra?i istorici ?i biografi, conform c?reia ceea ce a contat ?n principal a fost omul ?nsu?i, viziunile ?i ambi?iile sale, ?i nu vremurile ?n care a tr?it ori circumstan?ele ?nt?lnite ?n cale. Pu?ine personaje istorice s-au bucurat de at?ta notorietate ?i de at?tea scrieri dedicate ?i pu?ine au fost descrise ?ntr-o manier? at?t de subiectiv?, prezent?nd ?ntrega istorie a epocii de parc? ar fi fost o reflectare a voin?ei ?i a dorin?ei de putere ?i de glorie a unui singur om. Din acest motiv poate c? ar fi mai ?n?elept ca, ?nainte de orice, s? ne oprim un pic ?i s? ?ncepem aceast? carte cu un soi de avertisment.

Al Doilea R?zboi Mondial nu va ajunge niciodat? s?-?i dezv?luie ?ntreaga groz?vie. ?n spatele faptelor de arme, al atrocit??ilor ?i al crimelor monstruoase comise ?mpotriva civililor se ascunde o alt? realitate. Aceea a miilor de femei sovietice trimise pe front ?mpotriva inamicului nazist. Svetlana Aleksievici ?i-a dedicat ?apte ani din via?? colect?rii m?rturiilor unor femei care, multe dintre ele, la momentul acela erau abia ie?ite din copil?rie. Dup? primele sentimente de euforie, asist?m la o schimbare radical? de ton, pe m?sur? ce ajungem la ?ncercarea fatal? a luptei, ?nso?it? de partea sa de ?ntreb?ri ?i de suferin??. Abandon?nd t?cerea ?n care ?i-au g?sit refugiul, aceste femei ?ndr?znesc, ?n sf?r?it, s? prezinte r?zboiul a?a cum l-au tr?it. ?Svetlana Aleksievici este unul dintre cei mai valoro?i scriitori ai vremurilor noastre. Proza ei nu este feminin?, ci aspr? precum r?zboiul […], dar, prin expresivitatea ei, devine artistic?, palpabil?, profund emo?ionant?.” – Vladimir Voinovici

Proiectul acestei cri m frmnta de mai muli ani. n ultimul timp am tot cutat motivaii pentru care o asemenea carte merit s fie scris. Iat ce am gsit.n primul rnd, chiar dac printr-o fereastr foarte ngust, ea este o mrturie a ultimilor 20 de ani. Conine o frm din istoria acestor dou decenii, mici instantanee ale devenirii Romniei dup 1989.n al doilea rnd, exist n mintea fiecrui romn – i aici m includ i pe mine – preconcepia c toate afacerile postrevoluionare sunt mnjite, nscute din privatizri dubioase sau dezvoltate la umbra unor reele de influen care-i ntind rdcinile n era comunist. Povestea din aceast carte arta contrariul. S-au putut constitui i iniiative independente i curate, cum sunt convins c mai exist cu miile. Povestea de fa poate fi o contribuie la schimbarea de mentalitate, att de necesar pentru intrarea n normalitate.“ (Mihail Penescu)

　　《威尼斯商人》 是莎士比亚早期的重要作品，是一部具有极大讽刺性的喜剧。主要讲述了威尼斯商人安东尼奥为了帮助好友巴萨尼奥成婚，向犹太人高利贷者夏洛克借了三千金币。夏洛克因为安东尼奥借给别人钱不要利息，影响了他的生意，又侮辱过他，所以借机报复，在借约上戏言三个月期满还不上钱，就从安东尼奥身上割下一磅肉抵债。安东尼奥因船失事，不能如期还钱，夏洛克就提起公诉，要安东尼奥履行借约。 为救安东尼奥的性命，巴萨尼奥的未婚妻鲍西亚假扮律师，利用智慧巧妙地让夏洛克无法执行割一磅肉而败诉，害人不成反而失去财产。

　　弗莱德里克不顾兄弟情谊，篡夺同胞兄弟的公爵头衔，把公爵赶走，使他被迫流亡在森林里。不久公爵的女儿罗瑟琳也被驱逐到森林，遇到了受兄长奥列佛虐待的奥兰多，两人相爱。奥兰多宽恕了奥列佛，使奥列佛悔过，并与罗瑟琳的堂妹西莉娅产生了爱情。他们一起生活在森林里，罗瑟琳终于在森林里找到了父亲，弗莱德里克受隐士拨，对自己的行为十分懊悔，将权位归还给了胞兄，奥兰多与罗瑟琳、奥列佛与西莉娅、牧人西尔维斯与牧女菲必、小丑试金石与村姑奥德雷四对恋人喜结良缘，收获了大团圆的结局。

John Marston was born to John and Maria Marston nee Guarsi, and baptised on October 7th, 1576 at Wardington, Oxfordshire.Marston entered Brasenose College, Oxford in 1592 and earned his BA in 1594. By 1595, he was in London, living in the Middle Temple. His interests were in poetry and play writing, although his father's will of 1599 hopes that he would not further pursue such vanities.His brief career in literature began with the fashionable genres of erotic epyllion and satire; erotic plays for boy actors to be performed before educated young men and members of the inns of court.In 1598, he published 'The Metamorphosis of Pigmalion's Image and Certaine Satyres', a book of poetry. He also published 'The Scourge of Villanie', in 1598. 'Histriomastix' regarded as his first play was produced 1599. It's performance kicked off an episode in literary history known as the War of the Theatres; a literary feud between Marston, Jonson and Dekker that lasted until 1602.However, the playwrights were later reconciled; Marston wrote a prefatory poem for Jonson's 'Sejanus' in 1605 and dedicated 'The Malcontent' to him. Beyond this episode Marston's career continued to gather both strength, assets and followers. In 1603, he became a shareholder in the Children of Blackfriars company. He wrote and produced two plays with the company. The first was 'The Malcontent' in 1603, his most famous play. His second was 'The Dutch Courtesan', a satire on lust and hypocrisy, in 1604-5.In 1605, he worked with George Chapman and Ben Jonson on 'Eastward Ho', a satire of popular taste and the vain imaginings of wealth to be found in the colony of Virginia.Marston took the theatre world by surprise when he gave up writing plays in 1609 at the age of thirty-three. He sold his shares in the company of Blackfriars. His departure from the literary scene may have been because of further offence he gave to the king. The king suspended performances at Blackfriars and had Marston imprisoned.On 24th September 1609 he was made a deacon and them a priest on 24th December 1609. In October 1616, Marston was assigned the living of Christchurch, Hampshire.He died (accounts vary) on either the 24th or 25th June 1634 in London and was buried in the Middle Temple Church.

For many of us DH Lawrence was a schoolboy hero. Who can forget sniggering in class at the mention of Women In Love or Lady Chatterley's Lover? Lawrence was a talented if nomadic writer whose novels were passionately received, suppressed at times and generally at odds with Establishment values. This of course did not deter him. At his death in 1930 at the young age of 44 he was more often thought of as a pornographer but in the ensuing years he has come to be more rightly regarded as one of the most imaginative writers these shores have produced. As well as his novels and of course his poetry - he wrote in excess of 800 of them he was also a very talented playwright. These works have not been given quite the attention they deserve. Here we publish 'The Widowing of Mrs Holroyd.

The partnership between William Schwenck Gilbert and Arthur Seymour Sullivan and their canon of Savoy Operas is rightly lauded by all lovers of comic opera the world over. Gilbert's sharp, funny words and Sullivan's deliciously lively and hummable tunes create a world that is distinctly British in view but has the world as its audience. Both men were exceptionally talented and gifted in their own right and wrote much, often with other partners, that still stands the test of time. However, together as a team they created Light or Comic Operas of a standard that have had no rivals equal to their standard, before or since. That's quite an achievement. To be recognised by the critics is one thing but their commercial success was incredible. The profits were astronomical, allowing for the building of their own purpose built theatre - The Savoy Theatre. Beginning with the first of their fourteen collaborations, Thespis in 1871 and travelling through many classics including The Sorcerer (1877), H.M.S. Pinafore (1878), The Pirates of Penzance (1879), The Mikado (1885), The Gondoliers (1889) to their finale in 1896 with The Grand Duke, Gilbert & Sullivan created a legacy that is constantly revived and admired in theatres and other media to this very day.

John Webster is known primarily for his two Jacobean tragedies, The Duchess of Malfi and The White Devil. Much of the detail and chronology of his life that led to these two pivotal works is, however, unknown. His father, a carriage maker also named John Webster, married a blacksmith's daughter, Elizabeth Coates, on November 4th, 1577, and it is likely that Webster was born within a year or two in or near London. The family lived in St. Sepulchre's parish. Both his father and his uncle, Edward Webster, were Freemen of the Merchant Taylors' Company and Webster attended Merchant Taylors' School in Suffolk Lane, London. Some accounts say he began to study law but nothing is certain although there are some legal aspects to his later works to suggest this may have been so. By 1602, Webster was employed working as part of various teams of playwrights on history plays, though unfortunately most were never printed and therefore do not survive. These include a tragedy Caesar's Fall (written with Michael Drayton, Thomas Dekker, Thomas Middleton and Anthony Munday), and a collaboration with Thomas Dekker; Christmas Comes but Once a Year (1602). This factory line assembly of plays may seem rather odd to us today but plays then ran for much shorter durations and consequently a steady supply had to be assured. Webster's relationship with Dekker seems to have been a good one. Together they wrote Sir Thomas Wyatt, printed in 1607, although it is thought first performed in 1602 and two city comedies, Westward Ho! in 1604 and Northward Ho! in 1605. It seems Webster also adapted, in 1604, John Marston's The Malcontent for staging by the King's Men. On March 18th, 1606 Webster married the 17-year-old Sara Peniall at St Mary's Church, Islington. Sara was 7 months pregnant and marrying during Lent required the issuing of a special permit, hence the certainty of the date. Their first child, John, was baptised at the parish of St Dunstan-in-the-West on March 8th, 1606. Records show that on the death of a neighbour, who died in 1617, several bequests were made to the Webster family and it is therefore thought that other children were born to the couple. Despite his ability to write comedy, and to collaborate with others, Webster is remembered best for his sole authorship on two brooding English tragedies based on Italian sources. The White Devil, retells the intrigues involving Vittoria Accoramboni, an Italian woman assassinated at the age of 28. It was performed at the open-air Red Bull Theatre in 1612 but was unsuccessful, perhaps being too high brow for a working-class audience. In 1614 The Duchess of Malfi was first performed by the King's Men, most probably in the indoor Blackfriars Theatre and to a more high-brow audience. It proved to be more successful. The play Guise, based on French history, was also written but him but no text has survived. Webster wrote one more play on his own: The Devil's Law Case (c. 1617-1619), a tragicomedy. He continued to write thereafter but always in collaboration and usually city comedies; Anything for a Quiet Life (c. 1621), with Thomas Middleton, and A Cure for a Cuckold (c. 1624), with William Rowley. In 1624, he also co-wrote a topical play about a recent scandal, Keep the Widow Waking (with John Ford, Rowley and Dekker). The play itself is lost, although its plot is known from a court case. There is also some certainty that he contributed to the tragicomedy The Fair Maid of the Inn with John Fletcher, John Ford, and Phillip Massinger. His Appius and Virginia, was probably written with Thomas Heywood, and is of uncertain date. It is believed, mainly from Thomas Heywood's Hierarchie of the Blessed Angels (licensed 7 November 1634) that speaks of him in the past tense that John Webster had died at some point in that year of 1634.

Publius Terentius Afer is better known to us as the Roman playwright, Terence.Much of his life, especially the early part, is either unknown or has conflicting sources and accounts.His birth date is said to be either 185 BC or a decade earlier: 195 BC. His place of birth is variously listed as in, or, near Carthage, or, in Greek Italy to a woman taken to Carthage as a slave. It is suggested that he lived in the territory of the Libyan tribe that the Romans called Afri, near Carthage, before being brought to Rome as a slave. Probability suggests that it was there, in North Africa, several decades after the destruction of Carthage by the Romans in 146 BC, at the end of the Punic Wars, that Terence spent his early years.One reliable fact is that he was sold to P. Terentius Lucanus, a Roman senator, who had him educated and, impressed by his literary talents, freed him.These writing talents were to ensure his legacy as a playwright down through the millennia. His comedies, partially adapted from Greek plays of the late phases of Attic Comedy, were performed for the first time around 170-160 BC. All six of the plays he has known to have written have survived.Indeed, thanks to his simple conversational Latin, which was both entertaining and direct, Terence's works were heavily used by monasteries and convents during the Middle Ages and The Renaissance. Scribes often learned Latin through the copious copying of Terence's texts. Priests and nuns often learned to speak Latin through re-enactment of Terence's plays. Although his plays often dealt with pagan material, the quality and distinction of his language promoted the copying and preserving of his text by the church. This preservation enabled his work to influence a wide spectrum of later Western drama.When he was 25 (or 35 depending on which year of birth you ascribe too), Terence travelled to Greece but never returned. It has long been assumed that he died at some point during the journey.Of his own family nothing is known, except that he fathered a daughter and left a small but valuable estate just outside Rome.His most famous quotation reads: "e;Homo sum, humani nihil a me alienum puto"e;, or "e;I am human, and I think nothing human is alien to me."e;

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