究竟什么才是知识？ 知识从何而来？ 为什么有些信念的来源就是可靠的知识? 哲学家对知识的思考有哪些不同的答案呢？ …… 关于知识的问题，几千年来一直是哲学家思考的重，他们彼此争论，寻求问题的答案。对知识的哲学研究就是认识论。在书中，你可以读到柏拉图、康德、笛卡儿等不同哲学家对知识的思考，重塑你对知识的认识，也能在外在主义、内在主义、怀疑主义、经验主义的理解中启你对哲学的思考。 但你不要期待能在书中找到关于知识的*终答案，因为哲学中没有公认的答案。阅读本书时，*好的做法是试着自己评估每一种哲学立场，判断它是否正确。这不仅仅是一种本能反应，因为每一种立场都会伴随着赞成或反对的观，这些观都值得你自己去仔细考量，从而判断它们是否令人信服。你甚至可以添加一些自己的思考，享受一次令人兴奋的体验。 《人人都该懂的认识论》属于湛庐文化重磅推出的“新核心素养”系列图书之一。本系列图书致力于推广通识阅读，扩展读者的阅读面，培养批判性思考的能力。其中涵盖了哲学、心理学、法律、艺术、物理学、生物科技等诸多人文科学和自然科学的知识，其中《人人都该懂的认识论》从哲学的角度出发，对知识行了一场哲学思考，可以帮助你更好地理解知识，探讨知识到底从何而来，启一场对哲学的重新思考。

传统《易学》主要分象数易和义理易两派，汉魏以象数为主，自王弼出，义理易大兴，而象数易式微，其说赖唐李鼎祚《周易集解》而得以保存。该书所收主要为汉唐象数易学，以纳甲、卦气、互体、爻变等说解说《周易》，是了解象数易*重要的书。曹元弼则对《周易集解》行补释，虽仍以象数易学为主，而于纳甲、卦气等并不特别看重，着重在互体与爻变，归宿于由乾坤实现既济，持论相对平和，兼具义理，不仅是对《周易集解》的补充之作，更是了解、研究《周易》的上乘之作。

传统《易学》主要分象数易和义理易两派，汉魏以象数为主，自王弼出，义理易大兴，而象数易式微，其说赖唐李鼎祚《周易集解》而得以保存。该书所收主要为汉唐象数易学，以纳甲、卦气、互体、爻变等说解说《周易》，是了解象数易*重要的书。曹元弼则对《周易集解》行补释，虽仍以象数易学为主，而于纳甲、卦气等并不特别看重，着重在互体与爻变，归宿于由乾坤实现既济，持论相对平和，兼具义理，不仅是对《周易集解》的补充之作，更是了解、研究《周易》的上乘之作。

本书通过对儒家思想与精神的集中展现，用儒家的智慧来解决当今生活中的具体问题。内容包括做事先做人、自重意识的觉醒、修养“五字诀”、智慧的积累等

罗国杰，男，1928年1月生，河南内乡人。现为中国人民大学哲学系教授，博士生导师，中国伦理学名誉会长，曾任国务院学位委员会第二届哲学学科评议级成员，第三、四届哲学学科评议组召集人，中国人民大学副校长等职。主要研究方向为伦理学原理、中国传统伦理、思想品德教育。主要著作有《罗国杰文集》、《以德治国与公民道德建设》、《道德教育与价值导向》、《伦理学》（主编）等。在《人民日报》、《光明日报》、《哲学研究》等报刊杂志上发表论文300多篇。

本刊是贵阳学院阳明学与黔学研究院主办的阳明文化讲会集刊。“鱼梁讲会”是研究院的学术文化交流品牌，因贵阳学院在鱼梁河畔而得名，旨在继承和弘扬中华优秀传统文化，侧重阳明文化的研究、普及与传播，促阳明学的当代价值研究，推传统文化（阳明学）与时代主流文化的融合研究和思考。创刊号共二十讲，由国内外阳明学或传统文化领域知名学者的讲稿整理而成。

天人合一不仅仅是一种思想，而且是一种状态。天人合一的思想概念早出自庄子，后被思想家董仲舒发展为天人合一的哲学思想体系，并由此构建了中华传统文化的主体。鹿军士编著的《天人合一的精神信仰》分历史与文化内涵，禅宗历史与文化，道教历史与文化，天人合一的思想内涵等多个栏目来介绍儒家思想。

《鬼谷子》一书是其后学者根据其言论整理而成的，这部两千多年前的谋略学巨著，是中国传统文化中的奇葩，历来被人们称为“智慧之禁果，旷世之奇书”。其思想内容十分丰富，涵盖了哲学、政治学、军事学、心理学、社会学、文学、情报学等多种学科，是一部可以被广泛解读的著作。它一直为中国乃至世界军事家、政治家和外交家所研究，现又成为当代商家的之书。它所揭示的智谋权术的各类表现形式，被广泛运用于内政，外交、战争、经贸及公关等领域，其思想深深影响今人，享誉海内外。

本书是国家社会科学基金重项目“分析哲学若干基本理论问题新探”（项目批准号12AZD072）的结项成果之一，本项目结项等级为“优秀”。上编为“批评性评论”，其中*专题为“早中期分析哲学”，第二专题为“克里普克哲学”，第三专题为“新近分析哲学”本书下编为“理论性建构”，由 9 章组成，在批判性审视当代西方哲学有关理论的基础上，提出、阐发和论证了一些带有很大原创性的比较系统的哲学观和学说。

本书是关于马克思主义基本原理专题研究成果的概括和总结，在一定程度上反映了学术界关于马克思主义基本原理研究的前沿。全书由导论和八章构成，分别为马克思主义基本原理的整体性、人类实践活动及其发展规律、群众史观与“以人为本”、人类社会形态的演及其发展规律、唯物史观与剩余价值学说的结合、资本主义的基本矛盾及其历史走向、经济文化落后国家走社会主义发展道路的历史必然性、人的全面发展与共产主义社会的实现。在写作过程中力求准确阐述马克思主义基本原理，并将其与当今社会发展现实结合起来，体现了马克思主义基本原理的科学性、实践性和时代性。本书对马克思主义基本原理专题作了创新性的探讨。本书既可以作为马克思主义理论学科专业研究生的教材，也可以作为相关学科研究生的参考用书，还可以用作思想政治理论课“马克思主义基本原理概论”课程教学的参考用书。?

中国站到了实现“强起来”的新的历史起上，迎来了从“富起来”到“强起来”的伟大飞跃。历史已经证明，马克思主义与中国具体实践相结合改变了近代以来中国的历史，不仅让中国“站起来”，而且让中国“富起来”。中国要 “强起来”，是否继续需要马克思主义的指引？从“站起来”“富起来”到“强起来”的过程，是马克思主义在中国不断弱化还是日益强化的过程？中国要“强起来"究竟需要做些什么，马克思主义又能为我们提供什么样的思想资源？马克思主义在正走向“强起来”的当代中国的命运与前途如何？本书力图对这些问题做出富有说服力的回答。

本书是国内学者近年来研究劳动价值论问题的力作。劳动价值论是马克思主义经济学的核心理论。对劳动价值论的研究在国内几乎一直没有间断过。全书共7章，分别是复杂劳动还原和产品价值的决定，劳动生产率与单位时间创造的价值成正比的理论，技术创新与超额利润的来源：基于劳动价值论的各种解释，部门内企业的代谢竞争和价值规律的实现形式，劳动价值论与资本主义再生产中的不确定性，不必要的价值转形，从单一生产到联合生产：价值决定的一般理论等。

本书依据《德意志意识形态》原始手稿、新的《马克思恩格斯全集》历史考证版（MEGA2）编辑的*展和研究动态，从文献学的角度，对这一文本的产生背景、写作过程、版本渊流行了详实的梳理和考证；按照原书写作的先后顺序，对其各个组成部分，特别是学界研究非常薄弱而又占全书绝大部分篇幅的*卷中的《圣麦克斯》、《圣布鲁诺》行了详尽的释读，对过去相对来说较为熟悉的《费尔巴哈》章的内容重新行了认真的辨析；根据作者自己的理解，对其中各章节关涉到的重要问题和思想一一行了深的讨论，从总体上重构了整部文本的理论视界和逻辑架构，勾勒出马克思透过观念世界和意识形态的层层迷雾，“从现实出发”观照和理解人、社会和历史的致思路向，并将其置于人类思想史的程和当代社会实践的图景中，阐明其现实价值与意义，予以客观的历史定位。

Das Werk, das aus einer Vorrede und drei ?Abhandlungen“ besteht, geh?rt zu den einflussreichsten Schriften Nietzsches. Er legte hier keine Aphorismen vor wie in den meisten anderen seiner Werke, sondern l?ngere, systematische Texte mit durchaus wissenschaftlichem Anspruch: Er stellt darin soziologische, historische und psychologische Thesen auf. Nietzsche wollte anders als klassische Moralphilosophen keine Moral herleiten oder begründen, sondern die geschichtliche Entwicklung und die psychischen Voraussetzungen bestimmter moralischer Wertvorstellungen nachvollziehen. Er fragt also nicht, wie die Menschen handeln sollten, sondern warum Menschen (Einzelne oder Gruppen) glauben, sie sollten auf bestimmte Weise handeln, oder andere dazu bringen wollen, so oder so zu handeln.

Lucrarea adun? eseuri filozofice ?i evoc? figuri de marc? ale culturii rom?ne.

S?rmanul Nietzsche, ?bestia blond?“, a avut ?i el parte de crucificare. Multor profe?i ?i m?ntuitori li se ?nt?mpl? asta: eventual ?i ?n timpul vie?ii, ?i dup? moarte. Nietzsche, r?zvr?titul ?mpotriva legilor celor vechi, ?ntemeietorul orgolios al noii sale ?religii“, a trebuit s? suporte ?i el toate e?ecurile ?i r?st?lm?cirile posibile, ba chiar ?i punerea terifiant? ?n practic? a unora dintre ideile lui, care nici nu mai erau ale lui ?i, ?ndeob?te, nu mai erau idei…?Viclenia ra?iunii“, implicit a istoriei, o descrisese Hegel, unul dintre cei mul?i pe care Nietzsche nu-i agrea. Dincoace de istorie ?i chiar dincolo de ea, r?m?n c?r?ile. Omul n-a fost s? fie m?ntuit de Nietzsche. C?r?ile lui vor d?inui printre oameni: pentru oameni.

Such is the system which underlies the Meditations of Marcus Aurelius. Some knowledge of it is necessary to the right understanding of the book, but for us the chief interest lies elsewhere. We do not come to Marcus Aurelius for a treatise on Stoicism. He is no head of a school to lay down a body of doctrine for students; he does not even contemplate that others should read what he writes. His philosophy is not an eager intellectual inquiry, but more what we should call religious feeling. The uncompromising stiffness of Zeno or Chrysippus is softened and transformed by passing through a nature reverent and tolerant, gentle and free from guile; the grim resignation which made life possible to the Stoic sage becomes in him almost a mood of aspiration. His book records the innermost thoughts of his heart, set down to ease it, with such moral maxims and reflections as may help him to bear the burden of duty and the countless annoyances of a busy life. It is instructive to compare the Meditations with another famous book, the Imitation of Christ. There is the same ideal of self-control in both. It should be a man's task, says the Imitation, 'to overcome himself, and every day to be stronger than himself.' 'In withstanding of the passions standeth very peace of heart.' 'Let us set the axe to the root, that we being purged of our passions may have a peaceable mind.' To this end there must be continual self-examination. 'If thou may not continually gather thyself together, namely sometimes do it, at least once a day, the morning or the evening. In the morning purpose, in the evening discuss the manner, what thou hast been this day, in word, work, and thought.' But while the Roman's temper is a modest self-reliance, the Christian aims at a more passive mood, humbleness and meekness, and reliance on the presence and personal friendship of God. The Roman scrutinises his faults with severity, but without the self-contempt which makes the Christian 'vile in his own sight.' The Christian, like the Roman, bids 'study to withdraw thine heart from the love of things visible'; but it is not the busy life of duty he has in mind so much as the contempt of all worldly things, and the 'cutting away of all lower delectations.' Both rate men's praise or blame at their real worthlessness; 'Let not thy peace,' says the Christian, 'be in the mouths of men.' But it is to God's censure the Christian appeals, the Roman to his own soul. The petty annoyances of injustice or unkindness are looked on by each with the same magnanimity. 'Why doth a little thing said or done against thee make thee sorry? It is no new thing; it is not the first, nor shall it be the last, if thou live long. At best suffer patiently, if thou canst not suffer joyously.' The Christian should sorrow more for other men's malice than for our own wrongs; but the Roman is inclined to wash his hands of the offender. 'Study to be patient in suffering and bearing other men's defaults and all manner infirmities,' says the Christian; but the Roman would never have thought to add, 'If all men were perfect, what had we then to suffer of other men for God?' The virtue of suffering in itself is an idea which does not meet us in the Meditations. Both alike realise that man is one of a great community. 'No man is sufficient to himself,' says the Christian; 'we must bear together, help together, comfort together.' But while he sees a chief importance in zeal, in exalted emotion that is, and avoidance of lukewarmness, the Roman thought mainly of the duty to be done as well as might be, and less of the feeling which should go with the doing of it. To the saint as to the emperor, the world is a poor thing at best. 'Verily it is a misery to live upon the earth,' says the Christian; few and evil are the days of man's life, which passeth away suddenly as a shadow. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?*** ? "MARCUS AURELIUS ANTONINUS" was born on April 26, A.D. 121. His real name was M. Annius Verus, and he was sprung of a noble family which claimed descent from Numa, second King of Rome. Thus the most religious of emperors came of the blood of the most pious of early kings. His father, Annius Verus, had held high office in Rome, and his grandfather, of the same name, had been thrice Consul. Both his parents died young, but Marcus held them in loving remembrance. On his father's death Marcus was adopted by his grandfather, the consular Annius Verus, and there was deep love between these two. On the very first page of his book Marcus gratefully declares how of his grandfather he had learned to be gentle and meek, and to refrain from all anger and passion. The Emperor Hadrian divined the fine character of the lad, whom he used to call not Verus but Verissimus, more Truthful than his own name. He advanced Marcus to equestrian rank when six years of age, and at the age of eight made him a member of the ancient Salian priesthood. The boy's aunt, A

Egy kétségtelenül szellemes megjegyzés szerint a cím csak akkor fedheti le pontosan a k?nyv tartalmát, ha bet?r?l bet?re megegyezik vele. Valami hasonló mondható a fülsz?vegekr?l is (biztos Boegesnek is tetszene ez a gondolat), és ennek megfelel?en meg sem kísérlem néhány mondatban ?sszefoglalni, hogy mir?l lesz szó. Ehelyett inkább el?sz?r is azt emelem ki, hogy a címnek megfelel?en mir?l nem: például nem magáról Borgesr?l, a 20. század egyik legjelent?sebb argentin írójáról. Hanem inkább arról, hogy a novelláival kapcsolatban milyen, az irodalomtól olyakor látszólag meglehet?sen távol álló kérdések merülhetnek fel kezdve azon, hogy az általa leírt bábeli k?nyvtár valóban olyan teljes és mindenre kiterjed?-e, miként azt Borges sugallja; folytatva azon, hogy van-e egyáltalán értelme felvetni, hogy milyen lenne, ha valaki t?kéletes emlékezettel rendelkezne (nincs). Meg, hogy elképzelhet?-e, nem pedig, hogy létezik vagy legalább lehetséges-e egy olyan pont vagy térrész: egy olyan Alef, amelyen keresztül egyszerre láthatunk mindent. ?s így tovább egészen addig, hogy mit mondhatunk az irodalomkritikáról, az irodalmi zsánerek létrej?ttér?l meg elt?nésér?l vagy éppen az irodalmi halhatatlanságról – ismét csak mint elméleti problémáról. Azaz végs? soron persze mégiscsak egyfajta bolyongás ez a borgesi k?nyvtában, illetve bizonyos, legalább hipotetikusan lehetséges és az irodalomhoz így vagy úgy kapcsolódó kérdések fázisterében még akkor is, ha a fentebbiekben, miként a figyelmes olvasó már észre vehette, éppen azt tettem, amir?l korábban azt sejttettem, hogy nem fogom: néhány példa említésével próbáltam utalni rá, hogy mir?l szól az egész. De talán ez sincs igazi ellentmondásban azzal a megk?zelítéssel, amit ez a k?nyv sugall. Galántai Zoltán tudományt?rténész és író. Korábbi k?nyvei az eClassicnál: K?nyvkett?. A k?nyv, az írás és az irodalom j?v?jér?l (2013) http://eclassic.xyz/shop/bemutato/konyvketto-a-konyv-az-iras-es-az-irodalom-jovojerol/ Monoverzumok. Kozmosz, t?rvény, tudomány (2016) http://eclassic.xyz/shop/szabadpolc/monoverzumok/

Antropologie ?i antroposofie ? Max Dessoir despre antroposofie ? Franz BrentanoAlc?tuind cuprinsul acestei lucr?ri, Rudolf Steiner reveleaz? ?c?teva din firele ?tiin?ifice care trebuie trasate pornind de la antropozofie la filozofie, la psihologie ?i la fiziologie“. Cunoa?terea omului va trebui atunci s? fie extins? ?in?nd cont de enigmaticele aspecte ale vie?ii sale interioare, privite din perspective multiple. ?n aceast? carte, Rudolf Steiner prezint? ?n scris aspectele semnificative ale configur?rii ?ntreite a fiin?ei omene?ti: corpul fizic, organismul sufletesc ?i configura?ia spiritual?.

A compreens?o de Contos d’Escárnio n?o poderia restringir-se à constru??o do horizonte no qual nasce, o século XX. A inten??o de escrever lixo e bestagem, anunciada pelo narrador, aos poucos, revela um grotesco vindo de um longínquo, de um aquém. Por isto, faz-se necessário também compreender o fluxo histórico-estético que encontra acolhida na imagina??o de Hilda Hilst, cujo amparo conceitual buscou-se à estética da recep??o e do efeito. Na Teoria Estética, o feio insurge como fen?meno da realidade artística contempor?nea; refúgio de sobrevivência da arte e dos belos escritos, deixa livre à plasticidade do presente a tarefa da denúncia da realidade. Em protesto, o dissonante reivindica cidadania e se mantém como possibilidade da arte. Neste sentido, tem lugar em Hilda Hilst a atualidade do grotesco.

Em Vida sem Princípio , Henry David Thoreau nos apresenta um verdadeiro manual de como viver em sociedade e em contato com a Natureza respeitando a natureza e ao próximo.? puro Transcendentalismo , um apelo para que cada um siga a sua própria luz interior.Este ensaio foi obtido a partir da palestra''What Shall It Profit? ''apresentada ao publico em 06 de dezembro de 1854, no Sal?o Railroad em Providence Rhode Island.Foi publicado pela primeira vez na edi??o de outubro de 1863 The Atlantic Monthly, onde foi dado o título moderno.Vida sem Princípio é um ensaio em que Thoreau coloca o seu programa para viver bem. Incluem-se aqui as suas ideias sobre a forma de abordagem da comunica??o interpessoal, modos de trabalho, sustento financeiro e outros códigos de conduta baseados na filosofia de de vida de Thoreau.'