《法义》是柏拉图*长的著作，以探讨“政制与礼法”为主旨。在西方法哲学史上，柏拉图首次考察了立法的目的及其哲学基础、立法与德性等根本问题。本文集选编了潘戈、拉克斯等著名学者的十一篇论文，集中探讨柏拉图《法义》关于立法与德性的问题，主要关注柏拉图这几个方面的论述： 首先，立法不应着眼于战争的胜利和财富，亦即基于*的和片面的德性（勇敢）。克里特和斯巴达之所以如此看待立法的目的，是因为他们将诸城邦间的战争、人人皆敌视为自然状态，从地理性和物质性的“自然”来解释立法的目的，而非依据诸德性的自然秩序和人的自然本性。 其次，真正的立法旨在获得完整的德性：理智、明智、节制、正义和勇敢。立法以完整的德性特别是以理智为目标。因此，柏拉图暗中将哲学设定为立法的基础，也就改变了立法的目的：立法由培养勇敢和追求财富转向追求整体德性和人的完满，立法更应关注灵魂的优异而非身体的需要。 *后，在每一种法律中，都会存在某种德性观，立法的意图应尽量从*的德性转向完整的德性。在此意义上，哲学对立法和政治始终有鉴照作用。指向德政的立法可彰显现实城邦的不足，引领其走向完善。  

本书充分利用西周金文与传世文献史料，围绕宗教、伦理、政治互动的主线，对西周的孝友等血缘伦理思想，以及德、敬、肃、恭、勤、雍、和等政治伦理思想与善恶评价思想行宏观与微观的深探讨。在西周与古埃及的比较研究中，彰显西周“伦理思维发达”这一重要特征，并以双方族群格局差异为切，深探讨这一重要特征之成因。在西周与后世的比较视野下，围绕西周基本社会制度的伦理影响，深探研西周的“德治”思想及其“层级推衍治理”思想，从而揭示西周伦理政治思想的主要时代特征。

该书是立足于全球化、后工业化时代规划未来社会的倡言之作。作者认为，与人类历史的农业社会、工业社会两个历史阶段的生成关联在一起的是发生了两场伟大的启蒙运动。中国的春秋战国时代和西方的古希腊时代代表了人类历史上的*次启蒙运动，所启蒙的是农业社会；发生在18世纪的那场影响至今的启蒙运动则是一场启蒙工业社会的运动。现在，人类正处在从工业社会向后工业社会转变的过程中，也同样需要一场启蒙运动去规划后工业社会。作者从政治、经济、社会、文化、生活方式、行为模式等各个方面对工业社会行了较为全面的批判性反思，并在此基础上系统地阐释了启蒙后工业社会的行动路线。作者在构思后工业社会的建构问题时，把全球化、后工业化程中的社会高度复杂性和高度不确定性作为立论的出发，认为这一条件下对人类命运构成了极大挑战，要求全部社会建构及其治理行动都必须指向人的共生共在。在对社会及其治理实践的思考中，作者根据社会的加速化、流动性的增强、科学技术的发展等方面所提供的客观条件，提出了合作制组织以及合作治理的构想，认为新的启蒙的重心就在于提出可行的合作行动方案，以求将人的共生共在变成现实。

实用主义是当代西方哲学中*有影响的流派之一，20世纪初活跃一时，20世纪70年代又重新引起西方学术界的重视，衍生出新的变种。本书以*有代表性的7位实用主义大家皮尔士、詹姆斯、杜威、奎因、罗蒂、普特南、布兰顿为对象，较为系统地分析评述了他们的观，从中可以看出实用主义到新实用主义的思想内涵及其演变。

　　孤僻怪异的少年，毕生的自杀准备，狂暴的生活偏好，死亡谷与车祸的神秘启示…… 　　福柯的生活同他的思想一样丰富、迷人又充满争议：童年时期对同班男孩的别样情感；大学时期屡次的自杀尝试；初学界，对笼罩学界的大哲萨特的反对与批判；在德里达当场批评《疯癫与文明》时的一言不发；对政治运动暧昧不定的靠近与远离；对伊朗革命的矛盾态度；与德勒兹的学术同盟及其日后的解体……在米勒的这本书中，福柯的这些经历，都与他的思想——对法国科学史与认识论传统的继承，对现代人道主义的反对，对非理性、异常、区隔的关注与考察，对现代社会中权力关系的揭示，对结构主义的抗拒，对死亡主题的迷恋——相互交织在一起，为我们呈现出福柯的生与死、爱与恨、行动与思考、体验与激情。——“从存在中取得*收获和*乐趣的秘诀，就是过危险的生活。”

本书是为探寻思想政治教育学、教育学以及人文社会科学和生活世界的逻辑前提——“人是什么”而写的。本书阐释了人的生命本体（“结构与选择”）既具有“结构”又具有“选择”；结构决定选择，选择也决定结构；选择在结构中，结构也在选择中。“结构与选择”不仅是个人生活的动力源泉和实现自身价值的基本方式，也是类群（家庭、组织、国家和国际组织）生存发展的动力源泉和实现自身价值的基本方式，生活世界的所有目的和规律都是通过人和类群的“结构与选择”实现的。“结构与选择”理论实现了人的生命本体论、生存论与方法论的有机统一。该理论被评价为：“试图重构人的生命本体论”“提出人的生命本体论——‘结构选择论’”“为人文社会科学提供了前提性基础” “为人们提供了一种新的人生哲学”等。本书填补了两项“人的知识空缺”，完成了六项“理论建构”。

Το παρ?ν βιβλ?ο ?55 Χρ?νια Σκ?ψει? & Διαλογισμο?? ε?ναι το απ?σταγμα συνεχο?? προσπ?θεια?, αναζητ?σεων, προβληματισμ?ν, σκ?ψεων και διαλογισμ?ν εν?? ανθρ?που. Με πολυπο?κιλο και ποικιλ?μορφο θεματικ? περιεχ?μενο σε πεζ? κυρ?ω? μα και ποιητικ? λ?γο, τα θ?ματα ε?ναι ?λα απ? την καθημεριν?τητα: Κοινωνικ?, πολιτικ?, φιλοσοφικ?, ερωτικ?, γενικ?τερη? αναζ?τηση? κ.τ.λ.Πολλ? τα ερωτ?ματα που ξεπροβ?λλουν εμπρ?? σε κ?θε σκεπτ?μενο ?νθρωπο που βαδ?ζει το προσωπικ? του μονοπ?τι π?νω στην γη και ο οπο?ο? αναζητε? απαντ?σει? και λ?σει? των προβλημ?των τη? ζω??. Γιατ? αντιμ?χονται οι λαο?; Γιατ? μαλ?νουν οι ?νθρωποι; Τι δυσκολε?ει την ανθρ?πινη επικοινων?α την καθημεριν?; Τι ε?ναι η τ?χνη και η ομορφι?; Τι ε?ναι οι επιστ?με? οι πολλ?? και ποια ε?ναι τα ?ρια του? τα αληθιν?; Πρ?πει να τι? εμπιστευ?μαστε λοιπ?ν; Τι ε?ναι η ?σοφ?α? και η ?ομορφι?? και ποιε? οι γν?σει? που αξ?ζουν τελικ?; Ποια ε?ναι η αλ?θεια η μοναδικ?. Υπ?ρχει γν?ση αντικειμενικ?; Υπ?ρχει το καλ? και το κακ?; Ε?ναι λοιπ?ν τα τρ?α ιδανικ?, η ?Αγ?πη?, η ?Γν?ση? και η ?Αλ?θεια? τελικ?;?τσι λοιπ?ν ξεκ?νησα ?να πρω?, τι? σκ?ρπιε? σκ?ψει? μου αυτ??, το κατακ?θι μια? ολ?κληρη? ζω?? ?λων εκε?νων για τα οπο?α τ?σο πολ? ?χω προβληματιστε? και ?λα τα ερωτ?ματ? μου που ?χουν καταγραφε?, να τα μαζ?ψω ?να πρω?, ?λα αυτ? που ε?χα καταγεγραμμ?να εδ? και εκε?, σε ?να βιβλ?ο προσωπικ? σκ?ψεων και διαλογισμ?ν. Ε?ναι ?να βιβλ?ο τη? ζω?? λοιπ?ν το βιβλ?ο αυτ?, βγαλμ?νο απευθε?α? μ?σα απ? την ζω? που με συγκ?νηση το καταγρ?φω και με περ?σσια περισυλλογ?.Ε?ναι βιβλ?ο τη? ζω?? και απευθ?νεται σε κ?θε σκεπτ?μενο καλοπροα?ρετο και ?ντιμο αναγν?στη αλλ? και σε ηλικ?ε? νεαρ??, που με την καθαρ?τητα που ?χουν στη ψυχ?, πιο ε?κολα κι αντιλαμβ?νονται το ?μορφο, το δ?κιο και το σωστ?. Πεν?ντα π?ντε χρ?νια σκ?ψεων και διαλογισμ?ν ε?ναι το βιβλ?ο αυτ?. Ε?ναι μια αναζ?τηση τη? ?Αγ?πη??, τη? ?Γν?ση?? και τη? ?Αλ?θεια?

On Interpretation is among the earliest surviving philosophical works in the Western tradition to deal with the relationship between language and logic in a comprehensive, explicit, and formal way.

The reasons for some animals being long-lived and others short-lived, and, in a word, causes of the length and brevity of life.

Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea (1855-1920), critic literar ?i politician intelectual, s-a num?rat printre primii sociologi ai Rom?niei. Lucrarea de fa??, care ?ncheie celebrul studiu Neoiobagia, constituie prima analiz? bine ?ntemeiat? a vie?ii sociale care a caracterizat Rom?nia ?ntre 1866 ?i Al Doilea R?zboi Mondial, fiind o concluzie ?i totodata o sintez? a acestui studiu.Dincolo de cifre ?i de personajele citate, dincolo de obiectele specifice ale analizei, cititorul r?bd?tor poate descoperi c?, sub forma diferit?, vom g?si de data aceasta un fond: fibra profund? din care se ?mpletesc ve?nicele noastre probleme na?ionale.? ?i doar? din cele spuse se vede clar unde rezid? r?ul ??rii. O organiza?ie social? ?i de stat antagonic? ?i contradictorie, care preface institu?iile ei ?n aparen?e ?i minciun?. O via?? politic? ?i economic? plin? de resturi feudale, care nu vor s? moar?, ?i bazat? pe capitalismul modern,care nu poate ?nc? s? tr?iasc?.“ - Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea

Confucius believed that the welfare of a country depended on the moral cultivation of its people, beginning from the nation's leadership. He believed that individuals could begin to cultivate an all-encompassing sense of virtue through ren, and that the most basic step to cultivating ren was devotion to one's parents and older siblings. He taught that one's individual desires do not need to be suppressed, but that people should be educated to reconcile their desires via rituals and forms of propriety, through which people could demonstrate their respect for others and their responsible roles in society.

The Laws are discussed by three representatives of Athens, Crete, and Sparta. The Athenian, as might be expected, is the protagonist or chief speaker, while the second place is assigned to the Cretan, who, as one of the leaders of a new colony, has a special interest in the conversation. At least four-fifths of the answers are put into his mouth. The Spartan is every inch a soldier, a man of few words himself, better at deeds than words. The Athenian talks to the two others, although they are his equals in age, in the style of a master discoursing to his scholars; he frequently praises himself; he entertains a very poor opinion of the understanding of his companions.

The Constitution of the Athenians describes the political system of ancient Athens. The treatise was composed between 330 and 322 BC.

Das Buch besteht aus vier Teilen. Der erste Teil erschien 1883, der zweite und dritte 1884, der vierte 1885 als Privatdruck. 1886 ver?ffentlichte Nietzsche die drei ersten Teile als ?Also sprach Zarathustra. Ein Buch für Alle und Keinen. In drei Teilen.“ Im Gegensatz zu den frühen Werken Nietzsches handelt es sich beim Zarathustra nicht um ein Sachbuch. In hymnischer Prosa berichtet ein personaler Erz?hler vom Wirken eines fiktiven Denkers, der den Namen des Persischen Religionsstifters Zarathustra tr?gt. Nietzsche selbst nennt den Stil, in dem Also sprach Zarathustra geschrieben ist, halkyonisch und wünscht sich Leser, die eines ?gleichen Pathos f?hig und würdig sind“: ?Man muss vor Allem den Ton, der aus diesem Munde kommt, diesen halkyonischen Ton richtig h?ren, um dem Sinn seiner Weisheit nicht erbarmungswürdig Unrecht zu tun“. Dass Nietzsche diese Leserschaft in seiner Gegenwart nicht gesehen hat, legt der Untertitel des Werkes nahe: ?Ein Buch für Alle und Keinen“.

Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) este o figur? legendar? a filosofiei germane, opera sa fiind baza ? revolu?iei copernicane“ petrecute ?n istoria g?ndirii ?n plin? er? de av?nt al romantismului. ?n volumul de fa?? sunt cuprinse dou? eseuri foarte pu?in cunoscute publicului amator de filosofie, ?n care vom reg?si g?ndurile filosofului privitoare la ?nceputuri (ale istoriei omenirii) ?i sf?r?ituri (ale lumii ?n general). Scrise dup? celebra triad? a ? Criticilor“, textele poart? amprenta sistemului kantian de g?ndire, dar constituie totodat? ?ncerc?ri remarcabile de abordare a unor subiecte de larg interes, analizate din perspectiva ve?nicei clauze a ? condi?iilor de posibilitate“. Orice minte uman? care va ?ncerca s? cuprind? ?nceputul ?i sf?r?itul se va vedea constr?ns? ?ntr-un fel sau ?n altul de limitele pe care Kant ?ncearc? s? le expun? aici ?n idei c?t mai simple.? Istoria naturii ?ncepe a?adar cu binele, c?ci este lucrarea lui Dumnezeu, iar istoria libert??ii cu r?ul, c?ci este lucrarea oamenilor. Pentru individ, care, ?n exerci?iul libert??ii prive?te doar c?tre sine, o astfel de schimbare a fost o pierdere pentru natur?, ale c?rei scopuri sunt orientate spre oameni ca specie, a fost un c??tig.“

Pamfletul Sim?ul comun (1776) a fost un veritabil best-seller ?n epoc?, succesul de care s-a bucurat reflect?ndu-se ?n numeroasele republic?ri. Lucrarea pledeaz?, cu argumente solide, pentru separarea total? a coloniilor americane de Marea Britanie, invoc?nd drepturile naturale ale oamenilor, egalitatea ?i suveranitatea fiec?rei fiin?e, supunerea doar fa?? de lege ?i caracterul absurd al institu?iei monarhiei. Autorul surprinde cu verv? ?i fine?e toate circumstan?ele favorabile desprinderii de patria-mam?, ?ndemn?ndu-?i concet??enii s?-?i decid? singuri soarta.

Lucrarea aceasta se bazeaz? pe teza de doctorat a autorului, sus?inut? ?n iunie 2008, Problema drept??ii ?i restituirea propriet??ilor ?n Rom?nia post-decembrist?, fiind ?ns? o versiune modificat? a tezei. Dup? cum m?rturise?te autorul, unele pasaje tehnice au fost adaptate, pentru a putea fi u?or inteligibile pentru publicul larg. Cartea de fa?? este rezultatul unor ample cercet?ri, ?ncepute ?n 2002. ?Nu mai cred c? principala datorie a filosofului moral este de a produce ?solu?ii? (sentin?e) la problemele etice percepute ca atare ?ntr-un univers social. […] La fel ca ?ntr-un tribunal, pledoariile sunt utile, ?i e bine s? se foloseasc? de argumente c?t mai puternice ?i mai rafinate. Dar, la fel cum cercetarea ?n materie de drept nu-?i poate propune ca obiectiv principal producerea de pledoarii specific avoca?ilor (cu toate c? examinarea fundamentelor legii poate conferi o greutate suplimentar? unei pledoarii particulare sau alteia), tot a?a cercetarea de ordin etic nu-?i poate propune ca obiectiv ceva similar pledoariilor.“ Con?inutul este organizat ?n 7 capitole, concluzii ?i o bibliografie, util? f?r? ?ndoial? pentru oricine ar dori s? aprofundeze chestiunile abordate de autor. Introducerea este urmat? de o discu?ie conceptual? ?i metodologic? despre repara?ie (capitolul 2), rectificare, restitu?ie, drepturile de proprietate ?i evaluarea moral? a restitu?iei. Celelalte capitole se ocup? de urm?toarele teme: nedreptatea na?ionaliz?rii (capitolul 3), restitu?ia post-comunist? (capitolul 4), argumentul coasian (capitolul 5), restitu?ia ?i dreptatea transgenera?ional? (capitolul 6), principiul nozickian al rectific?rii nedrept??ilor (capitolul 7). ?Am ?ncercat apoi s? analizez ce anume presupune c?utarea unui r?spuns la o ?ntrebare de tipul ?Este restitu?ia justificat? ?? (?n 2.3.) Rezultatul important, cred, a fost acela c? nu exist? un r?spuns simplu, ?i c? o astfel de ?ntrebare este prost formulat?. Am propus ?n loc alte cinci ?ntreb?ri, mai precise : dac? actul na?ionaliz?rii a fost unul nedrept, dac? o politic? restitutiv? risc? sau nu s? ?ndrepte o nedreptate trecut? ?nf?ptuind o alta, dac? putem identifica cu precizie obiectele restitu?iei ?i dac? orizontul temporal introduce elemente importante ?n cadrul de evaluare moral? (at?t ca atare, c?t ?i ?n dimensiunea sa intergenera?ional?). ?n primul r?nd, putem afirma c? politica aleas? imediat dup? 1989 (cea a men?inerii status-quo-ului, ?n speran?a c? lucrurile se vor rezolva cumva de la sine sau ca o solu?ie ideal? se va prezenta ?n mod miraculos) a fost at?t lipsit? de vreo justificare moral?, c?t ?i neinspirat? din punct de vedere pragmatic.“

Learning how to build and program your own robots with the most popular open source robotics programming framework About This Book Get to know the fundamentals of ROS and apply its concepts to real examples Learn how to write robotics applications without getting bogged down in hardware problems Learn to implement best practices in ROS development Who This Book Is For This book is for robotic enthusiasts, researchers and professional robotics engineers who would like to build robot applications using ROS. It gives the robotics beginner and the ROS newbie an immensely practical introduction to robot building and robotics application coding. Basic knowledge of GNU/Linux and the ability to write simple applications is assumed, but no robotics knowledge, practical or theoretical, is needed. What You Will Learn Control a robot without requiring a PhD in robotics Simulate and control a robot arm Control a flying robot Send your robot on an independent mission Learning how to control your own robots with external devices Program applications running on your robot Extend ROS itself Extend ROS with the MATLAB Robotics System Toolbox In Detail ROS is a robust robotics framework that works regardless of hardware architecture or hardware origin. It standardizes most layers of robotics functionality from device drivers to process control and message passing to software package management. But apart from just plain functionality, ROS is a great platform to learn about robotics itself and to simulate, as well as actually build, your first robots. This does not mean that ROS is a platform for students and other beginners; on the contrary, ROS is used all over the robotics industry to implement flying, walking and diving robots, yet implementation is always straightforward, and never dependent on the hardware itself. ROS Robotics has been the standard introduction to ROS for potential professionals and hobbyists alike since the original edition came out; the second edition adds a gradual introduction to all the goodness available with the Kinetic Kame release. By providing you with step-by-step examples including manipulator arms and flying robots, the authors introduce you to the new features. The book is intensely practical, with space given to theory only when absolutely necessary. By the end of this book, you will have hands-on experience on controlling robots with the best possible framework. Style and approach ROS Robotics By Example, Second Edition gives the robotics beginner as well as the ROS newbie an immensely practical introduction to robot building and robotics application coding. ROS translates as "robot operating system"; you will learn how to control a robot via devices and configuration files, but you will also learn how to write robot applications on the foundation of this operating system.

This eBook features the unabridged text of ‘On the Eve by Ivan Turgenev - Delphi Classics (Illustrated)’ from the bestselling edition of ‘The Collected Works of Ivan Turgenev’. Having established their name as the leading publisher of classic literature and art, Delphi Classics produce publications that are individually crafted with superior formatting, while introducing many rare texts for the first time in digital print. The Delphi Classics edition of Turgenev includes original annotations and illustrations relating to the life and works of the author, as well as individual tables of contents, allowing you to navigate eBooks quickly and easily. eBook features: * The complete unabridged text of ‘On the Eve by Ivan Turgenev - Delphi Classics (Illustrated)’ * Beautifully illustrated with images related to Turgenev’s works * Individual contents table, allowing easy navigation around the eBook * Excellent formatting of the text Please visit www.delphiclassics.com to learn more about our wide range of titles

This eBook features the unabridged text of ‘First Love by Ivan Turgenev - Delphi Classics (Illustrated)’ from the bestselling edition of ‘The Collected Works of Ivan Turgenev’. Having established their name as the leading publisher of classic literature and art, Delphi Classics produce publications that are individually crafted with superior formatting, while introducing many rare texts for the first time in digital print. The Delphi Classics edition of Turgenev includes original annotations and illustrations relating to the life and works of the author, as well as individual tables of contents, allowing you to navigate eBooks quickly and easily. eBook features: * The complete unabridged text of ‘First Love by Ivan Turgenev - Delphi Classics (Illustrated)’ * Beautifully illustrated with images related to Turgenev’s works * Individual contents table, allowing easy navigation around the eBook * Excellent formatting of the text Please visit www.delphiclassics.com to learn more about our wide range of titles

The magi, as you know, were wise men – wonderfully wise men – who brought gifts to the new-born King of the Jews in the manger. They invented the art of giving Christmas presents. Being wise, their gifts were no doubt wise ones, possibly bearing the privilege of exchange in case of duplication. And here I have lamely related to you the uneventful chronicle of two foolish children in a flat who most unwisely sacrificed for each other the greatest treasures of their house.